Prohibits discrimination based on gender identity or expression; defines "gender identity or expression" as having or being perceived as having a gender identity, self image, appearance, behavior or expression whether or not that gender identity, self image, appearance, behavior or expression is different from that traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at birth; further includes offenses regarding gender identity or expression within the list of offenses subject to treatment as hate crimes.
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF LEGISLATION submitted in accordance with Assembly Rule III, Sec 1(f)
BILL NUMBER: A6584A
SPONSOR: Gottfried (MS) TITLE OF BILL:
An act to amend the executive law, the civil rights law and the educa-
tion law, in relation to prohibiting discrimination based on gender
identity or expression; and to amend the penal law and the criminal
procedure law, in relation to including offenses regarding gender iden-
tity or expression within the list of offenses subject to treatment as
hate crimes
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF THE BILL:
This bill would prohibit discrimination based on gender identity or
expression, and includes offenses regarding gender identity or
expression under the hate crimes statute.
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:
Section 1 declares the legislative intent.
Section 3 adds a new subdivision 31 to section 292 of the Executive Law,
which provides a definition of "gender identity or expression."
Other sections of the bill add "gender identity or expression" to the
existing list of factors that are prohibited as the basis of discrimi-
nation, as follows:
Bill Existing Law Provisions of section or type of
Amended discrimination already
prohibited
Section 2 Exec. Law §291 Equality of opportunity
defined as a civil right
Section 4 Exec. Law §295 Division of Human Rights
powers and duties
Section 5 Exec. Law §296(1) Employers, licensing agencies,
employment agencies and
labor organizations
Section 6 Exec. Law §296(1-a) Apprenticeship
training programs
Section 7 Exec. Law §296(2) Places of public accommodation,
resort or amusement
Section 8 Exec. Law §296(2-a) Publicly-assisted
housing
Section 9 Exec. Law §296(3-b) Realtors representing that a
change has occurred or may
occur in the composition
of a neighborhood
Section 10 Exec. Law §296(4) Nonsectarian education
corporations or associations
Section 11 Exec. Law §296(5) Private housing accommodations
and commercial space,
keeping the exemption for small,
owner-occupied housing
Section 12 Exec. Law §296(9) Volunteer fire
department membership
Section 13 Exec. Law §296(13) Commercial boycotts
and blacklists
Section 14 Exec. Law §296-a Credit
Section 15 Civil Rights Law §40-c Civil rights
Section 16 Education Law §313(1) Education institutions,
without affecting the
rights of religious
education institutions
Section 17 Education Law §313(3) Unfair educational
practices
Sections 18 through 23 add "gender identity or expression" to the list
of factors that can make a crime a "hate crime."
JUSTIFICATION:
The transgender community is still not protected from discrimination
under the law. Transgender people whose gender identity, appearance,
behavior or expression differs from their genetic sex at birth face
discrimination in housing, employment, public accommodations and many
other areas of life, and they are particularly vulnerable to hate
crimes.
Many people who supported the recent SONDA (Sexual Orientation Non-dis-
crimination Act) believed that it covered transgender discrimination.
However, being transgender is not the same as being homosexual.
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
A.7438/S.4794-A of 2005-06
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
Minimal fiscal impact.
EFFECTIVE DATE:
Thirty days after it shall have become law, except sections 18 through
23 will be effective on the first of November next succeeding the date
on which it shall have become law.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
S. 3753--A A. 6584--A
2007-2008 Regular Sessions
SENATE - ASSEMBLY
March 14, 2007
___________
IN SENATE -- Introduced by Sens. DUANE, ADAMS, BRESLIN, CONNOR, DILAN,
HASSELL-THOMPSON, KRUEGER, MONTGOMERY, OPPENHEIMER, PARKER, PERKINS,
SABINI, SAMPSON, SAVINO, SCHNEIDERMAN, SERRANO, STAVISKY -- read twice
and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee
on Investigations and Government Operations -- recommitted to the
Committee on Investigations and Government Operations in accordance
with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8 -- committee discharged, bill amended,
ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee
IN ASSEMBLY -- Introduced by M. of A. GOTTFRIED, GLICK, O'DONNELL, BREN-
NAN, CANESTRARI, COOK, EDDINGTON, ENGLEBRIGHT, ESPAILLAT, FIELDS,
ORTIZ, PERALTA, R. DIAZ, HEVESI, WALKER, CARROZZA, JEFFRIES, TITONE,
KELLNER -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. ALESSI, AUBRY, BENEDETTO,
BING, BOYLAND, BRADLEY, CHRISTENSEN, CYMBROWITZ, L. DIAZ, DINOWITZ,
FARRELL, GIANARIS, D. GORDON, T. GORDON, GUNTHER, HOOPER, HOYT,
JAFFEE, JOHN, KAVANAGH, KOON, LAFAYETTE, LANCMAN, LAVINE, LIFTON,
V. LOPEZ, LUPARDO, MAGNARELLI, MAISEL, MARKEY, McENENY, McKEVITT,
MILLER, MILLMAN, NOLAN, PAULIN, PEOPLES, PERRY, PHEFFER, PRETLOW,
RAMOS, N. RIVERA, ROBINSON, ROSENTHAL, SCARBOROUGH, SEMINERIO, STIRPE,
SWEENEY, THIELE, TOWNS, WEISENBERG, WRIGHT -- read once and referred
to the Committee on Governmental Operations -- recommitted to the
Committee on Governmental Operations in accordance with Assembly Rule
3, sec. 2 -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
amended and recommitted to said committee
AN ACT to amend the executive law, the civil rights law and the educa-
tion law, in relation to prohibiting discrimination based on gender
identity or expression; and to amend the penal law and the criminal
procedure law, in relation to including offenses regarding gender
identity or expression within the list of offenses subject to treat-
ment as hate crimes
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD00191-03-8
S. 3753--A 2 A. 6584--A
1 Section 1. Legislative findings and intent. The legislature reaffirms
2 that the state has the responsibility to act to assure that every indi-
3 vidual within this state is afforded an equal opportunity to enjoy a
4 full and productive life, and that the failure to provide such equal
5 opportunity, whether because of discrimination, prejudice, intolerance
6 or inadequate education, training, housing or health care not only
7 threatens the rights and proper privileges of its inhabitants, but
8 menaces the institutions and foundation of a free democratic state and
9 threatens the peace, order, health, safety and general welfare of the
10 state and its inhabitants.
11 The legislature further finds that many residents of this state have
12 encountered prejudice on account of their gender identity or expression,
13 and that this prejudice has severely limited or actually prevented
14 access to employment, housing and other basic necessities of life, lead-
15 ing to deprivation and suffering. The legislature further recognizes
16 that this prejudice has fostered a general climate of hostility and
17 distrust, leading in some instances to physical violence against those
18 perceived to live in a gender identity or expression which is different
19 from that traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person
20 at birth.
21 In so doing, the legislature makes clear its action is not intended to
22 promote any particular attitude, course of conduct or way of life. Rath-
23 er its purpose is to ensure that individuals who live in our free socie-
24 ty have the capacity to make their own choices, follow their own beliefs
25 and conduct their own lives as they see fit, consistent with existing
26 law.
27 The legislature further finds that, as court decisions have properly
28 held, New York's sex discrimination laws prohibit discrimination based
29 on gender stereotypes or because an individual has transitioned or
30 intends to transition from one gender to another. This legislation is
31 intended to codify this principle and to ensure that the public under-
32 stands that discrimination on the basis of gender identity and
33 expression is prohibited.
34 § 2. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 291 of the executive law, as
35 amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, are amended to read as
36 follows:
37 1. The opportunity to obtain employment without discrimination because
38 of age, race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
39 identity or expression, military status, sex or marital status is hereby
40 recognized as and declared to be a civil right.
41 2. The opportunity to obtain education, the use of places of public
42 accommodation and the ownership, use and occupancy of housing accommo-
43 dations and commercial space without discrimination because of age,
44 race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity
45 or expression, military status, sex or marital status, as specified in
46 section two hundred ninety-six of this article, is hereby recognized as
47 and declared to be a civil right.
48 § 3. Section 292 of the executive law is amended by adding a new
49 subdivision 34 to read as follows:
50 34. The term "gender identity or expression" means having or being
51 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, behavior
52 or expression whether or not that gender identity, self-image, appear-
53 ance, behavior or expression is different from that traditionally asso-
54 ciated with the sex assigned to that person at birth.
S. 3753--A 3 A. 6584--A
1 § 4. Subdivisions 8 and 9 of section 295 of the executive law, as
2 amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, are amended to read as
3 follows:
4 8. To create such advisory councils, local, regional or state-wide, as
5 in its judgment will aid in effectuating the purposes of this article
6 and of section eleven of article one of the constitution of this state,
7 and the division may empower them to study the problems of discrimi-
8 nation in all or specific fields of human relationships or in specific
9 instances of discrimination because of age, race, creed, color, national
10 origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military
11 status, sex, disability or marital status and make recommendations to
12 the division for the development of policies and procedures in general
13 and in specific instances. The advisory councils also shall disseminate
14 information about the division's activities to organizations and indi-
15 viduals in their localities. Such advisory councils shall be composed of
16 representative citizens, serving without pay, but with reimbursement for
17 actual and necessary traveling expenses; and the division may make
18 provision for technical and clerical assistance to such councils and for
19 the expenses of such assistance.
20 9. To develop human rights plans and policies for the state and assist
21 in their execution and to make investigations and studies appropriate to
22 effectuate this article and to issue such publications and such results
23 of investigations and research as in its judgement will tend to inform
24 persons of the rights assured and remedies provided under this article,
25 to promote good-will and minimize or eliminate discrimination because of
26 age, race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
27 identity or expression, military status, sex, disability or marital
28 status.
29 § 5. Paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of subdivision 1 of section 296
30 of the executive law, as amended by chapter 75 of the laws of 2005, are
31 amended to read as follows:
32 (a) For an employer or licensing agency, because of the age, race,
33 creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or
34 expression, military status, sex, disability, predisposing genetic char-
35 acteristics, or marital status of any individual, to refuse to hire or
36 employ or to bar or to discharge from employment such individual or to
37 discriminate against such individual in compensation or in terms, condi-
38 tions or privileges of employment.
39 (b) For an employment agency to discriminate against any individual
40 because of age, race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation,
41 gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability, predis-
42 posing genetic characteristics, or marital status, in receiving, classi-
43 fying, disposing or otherwise acting upon applications for its services
44 or in referring an applicant or applicants to an employer or employers.
45 (c) For a labor organization, because of the age, race, creed, color,
46 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
47 military status, sex, disability, predisposing genetic characteristics,
48 or marital status of any individual, to exclude or to expel from its
49 membership such individual or to discriminate in any way against any of
50 its members or against any employer or any individual employed by an
51 employer.
52 (d) For any employer or employment agency to print or circulate or
53 cause to be printed or circulated any statement, advertisement or publi-
54 cation, or to use any form of application for employment or to make any
55 inquiry in connection with prospective employment, which expresses
56 directly or indirectly, any limitation, specification or discrimination
S. 3753--A 4 A. 6584--A
1 as to age, race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation,
2 gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability, predis-
3 posing genetic characteristics, or marital status, or any intent to make
4 any such limitation, specification or discrimination, unless based upon
5 a bona fide occupational qualification; provided, however, that neither
6 this paragraph nor any provision of this chapter or other law shall be
7 construed to prohibit the department of civil service or the department
8 of personnel of any city containing more than one county from requesting
9 information from applicants for civil service examinations concerning
10 any of the aforementioned characteristics, other than sexual orientation
11 or gender identity or expression, for the purpose of conducting studies
12 to identify and resolve possible problems in recruitment and testing of
13 members of minority groups to insure the fairest possible and equal
14 opportunities for employment in the civil service for all persons,
15 regardless of age, race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orien-
16 tation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability,
17 predisposing genetic characteristics, or marital status.
18 § 6. Paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of subdivision 1-a of section 296 of
19 the executive law, as amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, are
20 amended to read as follows:
21 (b) To deny to or withhold from any person because of race, creed,
22 color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or
23 expression, military status, sex, age, disability, or marital status,
24 the right to be admitted to or participate in a guidance program, an
25 apprenticeship training program, on-the-job training program, executive
26 training program, or other occupational training or retraining program;
27 (c) To discriminate against any person in his or her pursuit of such
28 programs or to discriminate against such a person in the terms, condi-
29 tions or privileges of such programs because of race, creed, color,
30 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
31 military status, sex, age, disability or marital status;
32 (d) To print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any
33 statement, advertisement or publication, or to use any form of applica-
34 tion for such programs or to make any inquiry in connection with such
35 program which expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation, spec-
36 ification or discrimination as to race, creed, color, national origin,
37 sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex,
38 age, disability or marital status, or any intention to make any such
39 limitation, specification or discrimination, unless based on a bona fide
40 occupational qualification.
41 § 7. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 of section 296 of the executive
42 law, as amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read
43 as follows:
44 (a) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person,
45 being the owner, lessee, proprietor, manager, superintendent, agent or
46 employee of any place of public accommodation, resort or amusement,
47 because of the race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation,
48 gender identity or expression, military status, sex, [or] disability or
49 marital status of any person, directly or indirectly, to refuse, with-
50 hold from or deny to such person any of the accommodations, advantages,
51 facilities or privileges thereof, including the extension of credit, or,
52 directly or indirectly, to publish, circulate, issue, display, post or
53 mail any written or printed communication, notice or advertisement, to
54 the effect that any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities and
55 privileges of any such place shall be refused, withheld from or denied
56 to any person on account of race, creed, color, national origin, sexual
S. 3753--A 5 A. 6584--A
1 orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, [or]
2 disability or marital status, or that the patronage or custom thereat of
3 any person of or purporting to be of any particular race, creed, color,
4 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
5 military status, sex or marital status, or having a disability is unwel-
6 come, objectionable or not acceptable, desired or solicited.
7 § 8. Paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (c-1) of subdivision 2-a of section
8 296 of the executive law, paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) as amended and
9 paragraph (c-1) as added by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, are amended
10 to read as follows:
11 (a) To refuse to sell, rent or lease or otherwise to deny to or with-
12 hold from any person or group of persons such housing accommodations
13 because of the race, creed, color, disability, national origin, sexual
14 orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, age, sex,
15 marital status, or familial status of such person or persons, or to
16 represent that any housing accommodation or land is not available for
17 inspection, sale, rental or lease when in fact it is so available.
18 (b) To discriminate against any person because of his or her race,
19 creed, color, disability, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
20 identity or expression, military status, age, sex, marital status, or
21 familial status in the terms, conditions or privileges of any publicly-
22 assisted housing accommodations or in the furnishing of facilities or
23 services in connection therewith.
24 (c) To cause to be made any written or oral inquiry or record concern-
25 ing the race, creed, color, disability, national origin, sexual orien-
26 tation, gender identity or expression, membership in the reserve armed
27 forces of the United States or in the organized militia of the state,
28 age, sex, marital status, or familial status of a person seeking to rent
29 or lease any publicly-assisted housing accommodation; provided, however,
30 that nothing in this subdivision shall prohibit a member of the reserve
31 armed forces of the United States or in the organized militia of the
32 state from voluntarily disclosing such membership.
33 (c-1) To print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any
34 statement, advertisement or publication, or to use any form of applica-
35 tion for the purchase, rental or lease of such housing accommodation or
36 to make any record or inquiry in connection with the prospective
37 purchase, rental or lease of such a housing accommodation which
38 expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation, specification or
39 discrimination as to race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orien-
40 tation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disa-
41 bility, marital status, or familial status, or any intent to make any
42 such limitation, specification or discrimination.
43 § 9. Subdivision 3-b of section 296 of the executive law, as amended
44 by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
45 3-b. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any real
46 estate broker, real estate salesperson or employee or agent thereof or
47 any other individual, corporation, partnership or organization for the
48 purpose of inducing a real estate transaction from which any such person
49 or any of its stockholders or members may benefit financially, to repre-
50 sent that a change has occurred or will or may occur in the composition
51 with respect to race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation,
52 gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability, marital
53 status, or familial status of the owners or occupants in the block,
54 neighborhood or area in which the real property is located, and to
55 represent, directly or indirectly, that this change will or may result
56 in undesirable consequences in the block, neighborhood or area in which
S. 3753--A 6 A. 6584--A
1 the real property is located, including but not limited to the lowering
2 of property values, an increase in criminal or anti-social behavior, or
3 a decline in the quality of schools or other facilities.
4 § 10. Subdivision 4 of section 296 of the executive law, as amended by
5 chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
6 4. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for an education
7 corporation or association which holds itself out to the public to be
8 non-sectarian and exempt from taxation pursuant to the provisions of
9 article four of the real property tax law to deny the use of its facili-
10 ties to any person otherwise qualified, or to permit the harassment of
11 any student or applicant, by reason of his race, color, religion, disa-
12 bility, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or
13 expression, military status, sex, age or marital status, except that any
14 such institution which establishes or maintains a policy of educating
15 persons of one sex exclusively may admit students of only one sex.
16 § 11. Subdivision 5 of section 296 of the executive law, as amended by
17 chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
18 5. (a) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for the owner,
19 lessee, sub-lessee, assignee, or managing agent of, or other person
20 having the right to sell, rent or lease a housing accommodation,
21 constructed or to be constructed, or any agent or employee thereof:
22 (1) To refuse to sell, rent, lease or otherwise to deny to or withhold
23 from any person or group of persons such a housing accommodation because
24 of the race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
25 identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disability, marital
26 status, or familial status of such person or persons, or to represent
27 that any housing accommodation or land is not available for inspection,
28 sale, rental or lease when in fact it is so available.
29 (2) To discriminate against any person because of race, creed, color,
30 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
31 military status, sex, age, disability, marital status, or familial
32 status in the terms, conditions or privileges of the sale, rental or
33 lease of any such housing accommodation or in the furnishing of facili-
34 ties or services in connection therewith.
35 (3) To print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any
36 statement, advertisement or publication, or to use any form of applica-
37 tion for the purchase, rental or lease of such housing accommodation or
38 to make any record or inquiry in connection with the prospective
39 purchase, rental or lease of such a housing accommodation which
40 expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation, specification or
41 discrimination as to race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orien-
42 tation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disa-
43 bility, marital status, or familial status, or any intent to make any
44 such limitation, specification or discrimination.
45 The provisions of this paragraph (a) shall not apply (1) to the rental
46 of a housing accommodation in a building which contains housing accommo-
47 dations for not more than two families living independently of each
48 other, if the owner resides in one of such housing accommodations, (2)
49 to the restriction of the rental of all rooms in a housing accommodation
50 to individuals of the same sex or (3) to the rental of a room or rooms
51 in a housing accommodation, if such rental is by the occupant of the
52 housing accommodation or by the owner of the housing accommodation and
53 the owner resides in such housing accommodation or (4) solely with
54 respect to age and familial status to the restriction of the sale,
55 rental or lease of housing accommodations exclusively to persons sixty-
56 two years of age or older and the spouse of any such person, or for
S. 3753--A 7 A. 6584--A
1 housing intended and operated for occupancy by at least one person
2 fifty-five years of age or older per unit. In determining whether hous-
3 ing is intended and operated for occupancy by persons fifty-five years
4 of age or older, Sec. 807(b) (2) (c) (42 U.S.C. 3607 (b) (2) (c)) of the
5 federal Fair Housing Act of 1988, as amended, shall apply.
6 (b) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for the owner,
7 lessee, sub-lessee, or managing agent of, or other person having the
8 right of ownership or possession of or the right to sell, rent or lease,
9 land or commercial space:
10 (1) To refuse to sell, rent, lease or otherwise deny to or withhold
11 from any person or group of persons land or commercial space because of
12 the race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
13 identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disability, marital
14 status, or familial status of such person or persons, or to represent
15 that any housing accommodation or land is not available for inspection,
16 sale, rental or lease when in fact it is so available;
17 (2) To discriminate against any person because of race, creed, color,
18 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
19 military status, sex, age, disability, marital status, or familial
20 status in the terms, conditions or privileges of the sale, rental or
21 lease of any such land or commercial space; or in the furnishing of
22 facilities or services in connection therewith;
23 (3) To print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any
24 statement, advertisement or publication, or to use any form of applica-
25 tion for the purchase, rental or lease of such land or commercial space
26 or to make any record or inquiry in connection with the prospective
27 purchase, rental or lease of such land or commercial space which
28 expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation, specification or
29 discrimination as to race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orien-
30 tation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disa-
31 bility, marital status, or familial status; or any intent to make any
32 such limitation, specification or discrimination.
33 (4) With respect to age and familial status, the provisions of this
34 paragraph shall not apply to the restriction of the sale, rental or
35 lease of land or commercial space exclusively to persons fifty-five
36 years of age or older and the spouse of any such person, or to the
37 restriction of the sale, rental or lease of land to be used for the
38 construction, or location of housing accommodations exclusively for
39 persons sixty-two years of age or older, or intended and operated for
40 occupancy by at least one person fifty-five years of age or older per
41 unit. In determining whether housing is intended and operated for occu-
42 pancy by persons fifty-five years of age or older, Sec. 807(b) (2) (c)
43 (42 U.S.C. 3607(b) (2) (c)) of the federal Fair Housing Act of 1988, as
44 amended, shall apply.
45 (c) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any real
46 estate broker, real estate salesperson or employee or agent thereof:
47 (1) To refuse to sell, rent or lease any housing accommodation, land
48 or commercial space to any person or group of persons or to refuse to
49 negotiate for the sale, rental or lease, of any housing accommodation,
50 land or commercial space to any person or group of persons because of
51 the race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender
52 identity or expression, military status, sex, age, disability, marital
53 status, or familial status of such person or persons, or to represent
54 that any housing accommodation, land or commercial space is not avail-
55 able for inspection, sale, rental or lease when in fact it is so avail-
56 able, or otherwise to deny or withhold any housing accommodation, land
S. 3753--A 8 A. 6584--A
1 or commercial space or any facilities of any housing accommodation, land
2 or commercial space from any person or group of persons because of the
3 race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity
4 or expression, military status, sex, age, disability, marital status, or
5 familial status of such person or persons.
6 (2) To print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any
7 statement, advertisement or publication, or to use any form of applica-
8 tion for the purchase, rental or lease of any housing accommodation,
9 land or commercial space or to make any record or inquiry in connection
10 with the prospective purchase, rental or lease of any housing accommo-
11 dation, land or commercial space which expresses, directly or indirect-
12 ly, any limitation, specification, or discrimination as to race, creed,
13 color, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or
14 expression, military status, sex, age, disability, marital status, or
15 familial status; or any intent to make any such limitation, specifica-
16 tion or discrimination.
17 (3) With respect to age and familial status, the provisions of this
18 paragraph shall not apply to the restriction of the sale, rental or
19 lease of any housing accommodation, land or commercial space exclusively
20 to persons fifty-five years of age or older and the spouse of any such
21 person, or to the restriction of the sale, rental or lease of any hous-
22 ing accommodation or land to be used for the construction or location of
23 housing accommodations for persons sixty-two years of age or older, or
24 intended and operated for occupancy by at least one person fifty-five
25 years of age or older per unit. In determining whether housing is
26 intended and operated for occupancy by persons fifty-five years of age
27 or older, Sec. 807 (b) (2) (c) (42 U.S.C. 3607 (b) (2) (c)) of the
28 federal Fair Housing Act of 1988, as amended, shall apply.
29 (d) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any real
30 estate board, because of the race, creed, color, national origin, sexual
31 orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, age, sex,
32 disability, marital status, or familial status of any individual who is
33 otherwise qualified for membership, to exclude or expel such individual
34 from membership, or to discriminate against such individual in the
35 terms, conditions and privileges of membership in such board.
36 (e) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for the owner,
37 proprietor or managing agent of, or other person having the right to
38 provide care and services in, a private proprietary nursing home, conva-
39 lescent home, or home for adults, or an intermediate care facility, as
40 defined in section two of the social services law, heretofore
41 constructed, or to be constructed, or any agent or employee thereof, to
42 refuse to provide services and care in such home or facility to any
43 individual or to discriminate against any individual in the terms,
44 conditions, and privileges of such services and care solely because such
45 individual is a blind person. For purposes of this paragraph, a "blind
46 person" shall mean a person who is registered as a blind person with the
47 commission for the visually handicapped and who meets the definition of
48 a "blind person" pursuant to section three of chapter four hundred
49 fifteen of the laws of nineteen hundred thirteen entitled "An act to
50 establish a state commission for improving the condition of the blind of
51 the state of New York, and making an appropriation therefor".
52 (f) The provisions of this subdivision, as they relate to age, shall
53 not apply to persons under the age of eighteen years.
54 (g) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person
55 offering or providing housing accommodations, land or commercial space
56 as described in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this subdivision to make
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1 or cause to be made any written or oral inquiry or record concerning
2 membership of any person in the state organized militia in relation to
3 the purchase, rental or lease of such housing accommodation, land, or
4 commercial space, provided, however, that nothing in this subdivision
5 shall prohibit a member of the state organized militia from voluntarily
6 disclosing such membership.
7 § 12. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 9 of section 296 of the executive
8 law, as amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read
9 as follows:
10 (a) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any fire
11 department or fire company therein, through any member or members there-
12 of, officers, board of fire commissioners or other body or office having
13 power of appointment of volunteer firefighters, directly or indirectly,
14 by ritualistic practice, constitutional or by-law prescription, by tacit
15 agreement among its members, or otherwise, to deny to any individual
16 membership in any volunteer fire department or fire company therein, or
17 to expel or discriminate against any volunteer member of a fire depart-
18 ment or fire company therein, because of the race, creed, color,
19 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
20 military status, sex or marital status of such individual.
21 § 13. Subdivision 13 of section 296 of the executive law, as amended
22 by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
23 13. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice (i) for any person
24 to discriminate against, boycott or blacklist, or to refuse to buy from,
25 sell to or trade with, any person, because of the race, creed, color,
26 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
27 military status or sex of such person, or of such person's partners,
28 members, stockholders, directors, officers, managers, superintendents,
29 agents, employees, business associates, suppliers or customers, or (ii)
30 for any person wilfully to do any act or refrain from doing any act
31 which enables any such person to take such action. This subdivision
32 shall not apply to:
33 (a) Boycotts connected with labor disputes; or
34 (b) Boycotts to protest unlawful discriminatory practices.
35 § 14. Subdivisions 1, 2 and 3 of section 296-a of the executive law,
36 as amended by chapter 106 of the laws of 2003, are amended to read as
37 follows:
38 1. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any creditor or
39 any officer, agent or employee thereof:
40 a. In the case of applications for credit with respect to the
41 purchase, acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, repair or mainte-
42 nance of any housing accommodation, land or commercial space to discrim-
43 inate against any such applicant because of the race, creed, color,
44 national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
45 military status, age, sex, marital status, disability, or familial
46 status of such applicant or applicants or any member, stockholder,
47 director, officer or employee of such applicant or applicants, or of the
48 prospective occupants or tenants of such housing accommodation, land or
49 commercial space, in the granting, withholding, extending or renewing,
50 or in the fixing of the rates, terms or conditions of, any such credit;
51 b. To discriminate in the granting, withholding, extending or renew-
52 ing, or in the fixing of the rates, terms or conditions of, any form of
53 credit, on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, sexual
54 orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, age, sex,
55 marital status, disability, or familial status;
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1 c. To use any form of application for credit or use or make any record
2 or inquiry which expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation,
3 specification, or discrimination as to race, creed, color, national
4 origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military
5 status, age, sex, marital status, disability, or familial status;
6 d. To make any inquiry of an applicant concerning his or her capacity
7 to reproduce, or his or her use or advocacy of any form of birth control
8 or family planning;
9 e. To refuse to consider sources of an applicant's income or to
10 subject an applicant's income to discounting, in whole or in part,
11 because of an applicant's race, creed, color, national origin, sexual
12 orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, age, sex,
13 marital status, childbearing potential, disability, or familial status;
14 f. To discriminate against a married person because such person
15 neither uses nor is known by the surname of his or her spouse.
16 This paragraph shall not apply to any situation where the use of a
17 surname would constitute or result in a criminal act.
18 2. Without limiting the generality of subdivision one of this section,
19 it shall be considered discriminatory if, because of an applicant's or
20 class of applicants' race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orien-
21 tation, gender identity or expression, military status, age, sex, mari-
22 tal status or disability, or familial status, (i) an applicant or class
23 of applicants is denied credit in circumstances where other applicants
24 of like overall credit worthiness are granted credit, or (ii) special
25 requirements or conditions, such as requiring co-obligors or reapplica-
26 tion upon marriage, are imposed upon an applicant or class of applicants
27 in circumstances where similar requirements or conditions are not
28 imposed upon other applicants of like overall credit worthiness.
29 3. It shall not be considered discriminatory if credit differen-
30 tiations or decisions are based upon factually supportable, objective
31 differences in applicants' overall credit worthiness, which may include
32 reference to such factors as current income, assets and prior credit
33 history of such applicants, as well as reference to any other relevant
34 factually supportable data; provided, however, that no creditor shall
35 consider, in evaluating the credit worthiness of an applicant, aggregate
36 statistics or assumptions relating to race, creed, color, national
37 origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military
38 status, sex, marital status or disability, or to the likelihood of any
39 group of persons bearing or rearing children, or for that reason receiv-
40 ing diminished or interrupted income in the future.
41 § 15. Section 40-c of the civil rights law, as amended by chapter 2 of
42 the laws of 2002, is amended to read as follows:
43 § 40-c. Discrimination. 1. All persons within the jurisdiction of this
44 state shall be entitled to the equal protection of the laws of this
45 state or any subdivision thereof.
46 2. No person shall, because of race, creed, color, national origin,
47 sex, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,
48 or disability, as such term is defined in section two hundred ninety-two
49 of the executive law, be subjected to any discrimination in his or her
50 civil rights, or to any harassment, as defined in section 240.25 of the
51 penal law, in the exercise thereof, by any other person or by any firm,
52 corporation or institution, or by the state or any agency or subdivision
53 of the state.
54 § 16. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 1 of section 313 of the education
55 law, as amended by chapter 2 of the laws of 2002, is amended to read as
56 follows:
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1 (a) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state that the Amer-
2 ican ideal of equality of opportunity requires that students, otherwise
3 qualified, be admitted to educational institutions and be given access
4 to all the educational programs and courses operated or provided by such
5 institutions without regard to race, color, sex, religion, creed, mari-
6 tal status, age, sexual orientation as defined in section two hundred
7 ninety-two of the executive law, gender identity or expression as
8 defined in section two hundred ninety-two of the executive law, or
9 national origin, except that, with regard to religious or denominational
10 educational institutions, students, otherwise qualified, shall have the
11 equal opportunity to attend therein without discrimination because of
12 race, color, sex, marital status, age, sexual orientation as defined in
13 section two hundred ninety-two of the executive law, gender identity or
14 expression as defined in section two hundred ninety-two of the executive
15 law, or national origin. It is a fundamental American right for members
16 of various religious faiths to establish and maintain educational insti-
17 tutions exclusively or primarily for students of their own religious
18 faith or to effectuate the religious principles in furtherance of which
19 they are maintained. Nothing herein contained shall impair or abridge
20 that right.
21 § 17. Subdivision 3 of section 313 of the education law, as amended by
22 chapter 2 of the laws of 2002, is amended to read as follows:
23 (3) Unfair educational practices. It shall be an unfair educational
24 practice for an educational institution after September fifteenth, nine-
25 teen hundred forty-eight:
26 (a) To exclude or limit or otherwise discriminate against any person
27 or persons seeking admission as students to such institution or to any
28 educational program or course operated or provided by such institution
29 because of race, religion, creed, sex, color, marital status, age, sexu-
30 al orientation as defined in section two hundred ninety-two of the exec-
31 utive law, gender identity or expression as defined in section two
32 hundred ninety-two of the executive law, or national origin; except that
33 nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect, in any way, the right
34 of a religious or denominational educational institution to select its
35 students exclusively or primarily from members of such religion or
36 denomination or from giving preference in such selection to such members
37 or to make such selection of its students as is calculated by such
38 institution to promote the religious principles for which it is estab-
39 lished or maintained. Nothing herein contained shall impair or abridge
40 the right of an independent institution, which establishes or maintains
41 a policy of educating persons of one sex exclusively, to admit students
42 of only one sex.
43 (b) To penalize any individual because he or she has initiated, testi-
44 fied, participated or assisted in any proceedings under this section.
45 (c) To accept any endowment or gift of money or property conditioned
46 upon teaching the doctrine of supremacy of any particular race.
47 (d) With respect to any individual who withdraws from attendance to
48 serve on active duty in the armed forces of the United States in time of
49 war, including any individual who withdrew from attendance on or after
50 August second, nineteen hundred ninety to serve on active duty in the
51 armed forces of the United States in the Persian Gulf conflict: (i) to
52 deny or limit the readmission of such individual to such institution or
53 to any educational program or course operated or provided by such insti-
54 tution because of such withdrawal from attendance or because of the
55 failure to complete any educational program or course due to such with-
56 drawal; (ii) to impose any academic penalty on such person because of
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1 such withdrawal or because of the failure to complete any educational
2 program or course due to such withdrawal; (iii) to reduce or eliminate
3 any financial aid award granted to such individual which could not be
4 used, in whole or part, because of such withdrawal or because of the
5 failure to complete any educational program or course due to such with-
6 drawal; or (iv) to fail to provide a credit or refund of tuition and
7 fees paid by such individual for any semester, term or quarter not
8 completed because of such withdrawal or because of the failure to
9 complete any program or course due to such withdrawal.
10 (e) It shall not be an unfair educational practice for any educational
11 institution to use criteria other than race, religion, creed, sex,
12 color, marital status, age, sexual orientation as defined in section two
13 hundred ninety-two of the executive law, gender identity or expression
14 as defined in section two hundred ninety-two of the executive law, or
15 national origin in the admission of students to such institution or to
16 any of the educational programs and courses operated or provided by such
17 institution.
18 § 18. Section 485.00 of the penal law, as added by chapter 107 of the
19 laws of 2000, is amended to read as follows:
20 § 485.00 Legislative findings.
21 The legislature finds and determines as follows: criminal acts involv-
22 ing violence, intimidation and destruction of property based upon bias
23 and prejudice have become more prevalent in New York state in recent
24 years. The intolerable truth is that in these crimes, commonly and
25 justly referred to as "hate crimes", victims are intentionally selected,
26 in whole or in part, because of their race, color, national origin,
27 ancestry, gender, gender identity or expression, religion, religious
28 practice, age, disability or sexual orientation. Hate crimes do more
29 than threaten the safety and welfare of all citizens. They inflict on
30 victims incalculable physical and emotional damage and tear at the very
31 fabric of free society. Crimes motivated by invidious hatred toward
32 particular groups not only harm individual victims but send a powerful
33 message of intolerance and discrimination to all members of the group to
34 which the victim belongs. Hate crimes can and do intimidate and disrupt
35 entire communities and vitiate the civility that is essential to healthy
36 democratic processes. In a democratic society, citizens cannot be
37 required to approve of the beliefs and practices of others, but must
38 never commit criminal acts on account of them. Current law does not
39 adequately recognize the harm to public order and individual safety that
40 hate crimes cause. Therefore, our laws must be strengthened to provide
41 clear recognition of the gravity of hate crimes and the compelling
42 importance of preventing their recurrence.
43 Accordingly, the legislature finds and declares that hate crimes
44 should be prosecuted and punished with appropriate severity.
45 § 19. Subdivisions 1, 2 and 4 of section 485.05 of the penal law, as
46 added by chapter 107 of the laws of 2000, are amended to read as
47 follows:
48 1. A person commits a hate crime when he or she commits a specified
49 offense and either:
50 (a) intentionally selects the person against whom the offense is
51 committed or intended to be committed in whole or in substantial part
52 because of a belief or perception regarding the race, color, national
53 origin, ancestry, gender, gender identity or expression, religion, reli-
54 gious practice, age, disability or sexual orientation of a person,
55 regardless of whether the belief or perception is correct, or
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1 (b) intentionally commits the act or acts constituting the offense in
2 whole or in substantial part because of a belief or perception regarding
3 the race, color, national origin, ancestry, gender, gender identity or
4 expression, religion, religious practice, age, disability or sexual
5 orientation of a person, regardless of whether the belief or perception
6 is correct.
7 2. Proof of race, color, national origin, ancestry, gender, gender
8 identity or expression, religion, religious practice, age, disability or
9 sexual orientation of the defendant, the victim or of both the defendant
10 and the victim does not, by itself, constitute legally sufficient
11 evidence satisfying the people's burden under paragraph (a) or (b) of
12 subdivision one of this section.
13 4. For purposes of this section:
14 (a) the term "age" means sixty years old or more;
15 (b) the term "disability" means a physical or mental impairment that
16 substantially limits a major life activity[.];
17 (c) the term "gender identity or expression" means having or being
18 perceived as having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, behavior
19 or expression whether or not that gender identity, self-image, appear-
20 ance, behavior or expression is different from that traditionally asso-
21 ciated with the sex assigned to that person at birth.
22 § 20. Subdivision 3 of section 240.30 of the penal law, as amended by
23 chapter 107 of the laws of 2000, is amended to read as follows:
24 3. Strikes, shoves, kicks, or otherwise subjects another person to
25 physical contact, or attempts or threatens to do the same because of a
26 belief or perception regarding such person's race, color, national
27 origin, ancestry, gender, gender identity or expression, religion, reli-
28 gious practice, age, disability or sexual orientation, regardless of
29 whether the belief or perception is correct; or
30 § 21. The opening paragraph of section 240.31 of the penal law, as
31 amended by chapter 49 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as
32 follows:
33 A person is guilty of aggravated harassment in the first degree when
34 with intent to harass, annoy, threaten or alarm another person, because
35 of a belief or perception regarding such person's race, color, national
36 origin, ancestry, gender, gender identity or expression, religion, reli-
37 gious practice, age, disability or sexual orientation, regardless of
38 whether the belief or perception is correct, he or she:
39 § 22. Section 240.00 of the penal law is amended by adding a new
40 subdivision 7 to read as follows:
41 7. "Gender identity or expression" means having or being perceived as
42 having a gender identity, self-image, appearance, behavior or expression
43 whether or not that gender identity, self-image, appearance, behavior or
44 expression is different from that traditionally associated with the sex
45 assigned to that person at birth.
46 § 23. Paragraph (c) of subdivision 7 of section 200.50 of the criminal
47 procedure law, as amended by chapter 7 of the laws of 2007, is amended
48 to read as follows:
49 (c) in the case of any hate crime, as defined in section 485.05 of the
50 penal law, specifies, as applicable, that the defendant or defendants
51 intentionally selected the person against whom the offense was committed
52 or intended to be committed; or intentionally committed the act or acts
53 constituting the offense, in whole or in substantial part because of a
54 belief or perception regarding the race, color, national origin, ances-
55 try, gender, gender identity or expression, religion, religious prac-
56 tice, age, disability or sexual orientation of a person; and
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1 § 24. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
2 have become a law; provided, however, that sections eighteen through
3 twenty-three of this act shall take effect on the first of November next
4 succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.
