NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF LEGISLATION submitted in accordance with Assembly Rule III, Sec 1(f)
BILL NUMBER: A31
SPONSOR: Gantt (MS) TITLE OF BILL: An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in
relation to authorizing the testing and operation of autonomous motor
vehicles upon public highways; to amend the general obligations law, in
relation to the liability of motor vehicle manufacturers for vehicles
converted to autonomous motor vehicles; and directing the commissioner
of motor vehicles to make recommendations upon additional legislative
actions relating to autonomous vehicles
PURPOSE:
To encourage and support the safe development, testing and operation of
motor vehicles with autonomous technology in New York State and for the
department of motor vehicles to study autonomous vehicles and issue a
report to the governor and legislature by February 12, 2016.
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Adds new sections 100-e and 100-f to the vehicle and traffic law, to
define "autonomous technology and "autonomous vehicle;" adds a new
section 379 to the vehicle and traffic law regarding autonomous vehicle
requirements; adds a new section 507-a to the vehicle and traffic law
regarding the operation of autonomous vehicles; adds a new section
1212-a to the vehicle and traffic law regarding the testing of auton-
omous vehicles; amends article 9 of the general obligations law by
adding a new title 3 regarding original manufacturer liability.
JUSTIFICATION:
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has been
working with automobile manufacturers and other stakeholders on auton-
omous vehicle technology. This innovative exploration will potentially
add a new method in reducing automobile accidents in the United States.
California, Florida and Nevada have enacted legislation to permit the
testing and operation of autonomous vehicles. As automated vehicle tech-
nology continues to improve and approaches the marketplace, New York
State should have the ability to study and test this groundbreaking
endeavor as well.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
2013-2014: A.7391-A
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
None.
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall become
law.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
31
2015-2016 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY(Prefiled)
January 7, 2015
___________
Introduced by M. of A. GANTT, ROZIC, DenDEKKER -- read once and referred
to the Committee on Transportation
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to authorizing
the testing and operation of autonomous motor vehicles upon public
highways; to amend the general obligations law, in relation to the
liability of motor vehicle manufacturers for vehicles converted to
autonomous motor vehicles; and directing the commissioner of motor
vehicles to make recommendations upon additional legislative actions
relating to autonomous vehicles
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Legislative intent. The legislature hereby declares that
2 it intends to encourage and support the safe development, testing and
3 operation of motor vehicles with autonomous technology upon the public
4 highways of the state. This state, while not prohibiting the testing and
5 operation of motor vehicles with autonomous technology, hereby regulates
6 such testing and operation.
7 § 2. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding two new
8 sections 100-e and 100-f to read as follows:
9 § 100-e. Autonomous technology. Technology installed on a motor vehi-
10 cle that has the capability to drive the vehicle on which the technology
11 is installed without the active control or monitoring by a human opera-
12 tor. Such term excludes a motor vehicle enabled with active safety
13 systems or driver assistance systems, including, without limitation, a
14 system to provide electronic blind spot assistance, crash avoidance,
15 emergency braking, parking assistance, adaptive cruise control, lane
16 keep assistance, lane departure warning, or traffic jam and queuing
17 assistant, unless any such system alone or in combination with other
18 systems enables the motor vehicle on which the technology is installed
19 to drive without the active control or monitoring by a human operator.
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03178-01-5
A. 31 2
1 § 100-f. Autonomous vehicle. A motor vehicle equipped with autonomous
2 technology.
3 § 3. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
4 379 to read as follows:
5 § 379. Autonomous vehicles. 1. Autonomous vehicles registered in this
6 state shall comply with all federal standards and regulations applicable
7 to motor vehicles. In addition, each autonomous vehicle shall:
8 (a) have a means to engage and disengage the autonomous technology
9 therein which is easily accessible to the operator of the autonomous
10 vehicle;
11 (b) have the means, inside such vehicle, to indicate to the operator
12 thereof when the autonomous vehicle is operating in autonomous mode;
13 (c) have a means to alert the operator thereof if a technology failure
14 affecting the ability of such vehicle to safely operate autonomously is
15 detected while the autonomous vehicle is operating autonomously, so as
16 to direct the vehicle operator to resume control of the motor vehicle;
17 and
18 (d) be capable of being operated in compliance with the provisions of
19 this chapter and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto.
20 2. All federal regulations promulgated by the National Highway Traffic
21 Safety Administration shall supersede any inconsistent provision of
22 subdivision one of this section.
23 § 4. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
24 507-a to read as follows:
25 § 507-a. Operation of autonomous vehicles. 1. Any person who holds a
26 class D license or its equivalent may operate an autonomous vehicle in
27 autonomous mode upon a public highway.
28 2. For the purposes of this chapter, a person shall be deemed to be
29 operating an autonomous vehicle operating in autonomous mode when such
30 person causes such vehicle's autonomous technology to engage, regardless
31 of whether such person is physically present in the autonomous vehicle.
32 § 5. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
33 1212-a to read as follows:
34 § 1212-a. Testing of autonomous vehicles. 1. Motor vehicles with
35 autonomous technology are authorized to be operated on public highways
36 by employees, contractors or other persons designated by a manufacturer
37 of autonomous technology for the purpose of testing such technology.
38 Provided, however, that for the purposes of this section a human opera-
39 tor shall be present within the motor vehicle such that such operator
40 has the ability to monitor such vehicle's performance and resume full
41 control of the motor vehicle, if necessary.
42 2. Prior to the commencement of any testing pursuant to this section,
43 the entity shall submit to the department an instrument of insurance,
44 surety bond or proof of self-insurance acceptable to the commissioner in
45 an amount of not less than five million dollars.
46 § 6. Article 9 of the general obligations law is amended by adding a
47 new title 3 to read as follows:
48 TITLE 3
49 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
50 Section 9-301. Definitions.
51 9-303. Liability of original manufacturer, distributor or deal-
52 er.
53 § 9-301. Definitions. As used in this title:
54 1. "Autonomous vehicle" shall have the same meaning as provided in
55 section one hundred-f of the vehicle and traffic law.
A. 31 3
1 2. "Motor vehicle" shall have the same meaning as provided in section
2 one hundred twenty-five of the vehicle and traffic law.
3 § 9-303. Liability of original manufacturer, distributor or dealer.
4 The original manufacturer, distributor or dealer of a motor vehicle
5 converted to be an autonomous vehicle by a third party after delivery of
6 such motor vehicle by such manufacturer, distributor or dealer, shall
7 not be liable in, shall have an absolute defense to and shall be
8 discharged from any cause of action commenced by any person for damages
9 due to an alleged motor vehicle defect caused by the conversion of such
10 vehicle to an autonomous vehicle, or by any equipment installed upon a
11 motor vehicle by the person who converted such vehicle to an autonomous
12 vehicle, unless such defect is alleged to have been present in the motor
13 vehicle as originally manufactured.
14 § 7. The commissioner of motor vehicles shall study the operation and
15 testing of autonomous vehicles, and shall, on or before February 12,
16 2017, report his or her findings and recommendations to the governor and
17 the legislature. Such report shall include recommendations and such
18 legislative proposals as shall be deemed necessary for the safe testing
19 and operation of motor vehicles equipped with autonomous technology.
20 § 8. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
21 have become a law.
