STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
4774
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY
February 6, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. DINOWITZ -- read once and referred to the Commit-
tee on Health
AN ACT to amend the public health law and the surrogate's court proce-
dure act, in relation to restoring medical futility as a basis for
both surrogate consent to a do not resuscitate order and for a do not
resuscitate order for a patient without a surrogate
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Legislative findings. Under New York's former do not resus-
2 citate (hereinafter "DNR") law, article 29-B of the public health law, a
3 surrogate could consent to a DNR order if the patient met any one of
4 four clinical criteria, one of which was a finding by two physicians
5 that resuscitation was "medically futile," which was defined to mean
6 that resuscitation "will be unsuccessful in restoring cardiac and
7 respiratory function or that the patient will experience repeated arrest
8 in a short time period before death occurs." The former DNR law also
9 allowed a DNR order to be entered for a patient who did not have a
10 surrogate on that basis. That law applied to all patients, including
11 developmentally disabled patients.
12 In 2010, the former DNR law was superseded by the Family Health Care
13 Decisions Act (hereinafter "FHCDA") which established standards for the
14 withdrawal or withholding of a broad range of life-sustaining treat-
15 ments. Accordingly, the FHCDA did not have a standard specifically
16 relating to medically futile resuscitation. Similarly, Surrogate's Court
17 Procedure Act (hereinafter "SCPA") §1750-b does not have a standard
18 specifically relating to medically futile resuscitation for develop-
19 mentally disabled patients.
20 The legislature finds that the broader FHCDA and SCPA §1750-b stand-
21 ards are difficult to apply to situations in which resuscitation would
22 be medically futile. Accordingly, this bill restores the former DNR
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03416-02-5
A. 4774 2
1 law's medical futility standard as an alternative basis for writing a
2 DNR order under the FHCDA and under SCPA §1750-b.
3 § 2. Subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a) of subdivision 5 of
4 section 2994-d of the public health law, as amended by chapter 708 of
5 the laws of 2019, are amended and a new subparagraph (iii) is added to
6 read as follows:
7 (i) Treatment would be an extraordinary burden to the patient and an
8 attending practitioner determines, with the independent concurrence of
9 another physician, nurse practitioner or physician assistant, that, to a
10 reasonable degree of medical certainty and in accord with accepted
11 medical standards, (A) the patient has an illness or injury which can be
12 expected to cause death within six months, whether or not treatment is
13 provided; or (B) the patient is permanently unconscious; [or]
14 (ii) The provision of treatment would involve such pain, suffering or
15 other burden that it would reasonably be deemed inhumane or extraor-
16 dinarily burdensome under the circumstances and the patient has an irre-
17 versible or incurable condition, as determined by an attending practi-
18 tioner with the independent concurrence of another physician, nurse
19 practitioner or physician assistant to a reasonable degree of medical
20 certainty and in accord with accepted medical standards[.]; or
21 (iii) With respect to a decision to enter an order not to resuscitate,
22 an attending physician determines, with the independent concurrence of a
23 second physician, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that in
24 the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, resuscitation would be
25 unsuccessful in restoring cardiac and respiratory function or that the
26 patient will experience repeated arrest in a short time period before
27 death occurs.
28 § 3. Paragraph (b) of subdivision 5 of section 2994-g of the public
29 health law, as amended by chapter 708 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
30 read as follows:
31 (b) If the attending practitioner, with independent concurrence of a
32 second physician, nurse practitioner or physician assistant designated
33 by the hospital, determines to a reasonable degree of medical certainty
34 that:
35 (i) (A) life-sustaining treatment offers the patient no medical bene-
36 fit because the patient will die imminently, even if the treatment is
37 provided; and
38 [(ii)] (B) the provision of life-sustaining treatment would violate
39 accepted medical standards, then such treatment may be withdrawn or
40 withheld from an adult patient who has been determined to lack deci-
41 sion-making capacity pursuant to section twenty-nine hundred ninety-
42 four-c of this article, without judicial approval. This [paragraph]
43 subparagraph shall not apply to any treatment necessary to alleviate
44 pain or discomfort; or
45 (ii) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest, resuscitation will
46 be unsuccessful in restoring cardiac and respiratory function or that
47 the patient will experience repeated arrest in a short time period
48 before death occurs, then an order not to resuscitate may be entered for
49 an adult patient who has been determined to lack decision-making capaci-
50 ty pursuant to section twenty-nine hundred ninety-four-c of this arti-
51 cle, without judicial approval.
52 § 4. Subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (b) of subdivision 4 of
53 section 1750-b of the surrogate's court procedure act, subparagraph (i)
54 as amended by chapter 40 of the laws of 2024 and subparagraph (ii) as
55 amended by chapter 198 of the laws of 2016, are amended to read as
56 follows:
A. 4774 3
1 (i) the person who is intellectually disabled has a medical condition
2 as follows:
3 A. a terminal condition, which for the purpose of this section means
4 an illness or injury from which there is no recovery, and which reason-
5 ably can be expected to cause death within one year; or
6 B. permanent unconsciousness; or
7 C. a medical condition other than such person's intellectual disabili-
8 ty which requires life-sustaining treatment, is irreversible and which
9 will continue indefinitely; [and] or
10 D. in the case of a decision to enter an order not to resuscitate,
11 that in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest such resuscitation
12 would be unsuccessful in restoring cardiac and respiratory function or
13 that the patient will experience repeated arrest in a short time period
14 before death occurs; and
15 (ii) except in the case of a decision to enter an order not to resus-
16 citate based on clause D of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the
17 life-sustaining treatment would impose an extraordinary burden on such
18 person, in light of:
19 A. such person's medical condition, other than such person's intellec-
20 tual disability; and
21 B. the expected outcome of the life-sustaining treatment, notwith-
22 standing such person's intellectual disability; and
23 § 5. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
24 have become a law.
