Requires that Miranda rights statements be more specific with respect to the right to counsel; requires inquiry into whether such rights are understood.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
8384
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY
May 13, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. BICHOTTE HERMELYN -- read once and referred to
the Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, the executive law and the
family court act, in relation to requiring that Miranda rights state-
ments be more specific
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Section 120.90 of the criminal procedure law is amended by
2 adding a new subdivision 9 to read as follows:
3 9. (a) Upon arresting a defendant, including a juvenile offender, for
4 any offense pursuant to a warrant of arrest, a police officer shall
5 inform the defendant of the following rights prior to commencing any
6 questioning or interrogation:
7 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
8 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
9 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
10 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
11 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
12 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
13 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
14 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
15 (b) In the event that the defendant indicates that the defendant does
16 not understand such rights, all questioning or interrogation shall cease
17 until an attorney has been provided for the defendant and such attorney
18 is present with the defendant for the questioning or interrogation.
19 § 2. Subdivision 6 of section 140.20 of the criminal procedure law,
20 as amended by section 20 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017,
21 is amended and a new subdivision 9 is added to read as follows:
22 6. Upon arresting a juvenile offender or a person sixteen or commenc-
23 ing October first, two thousand nineteen, seventeen years of age without
24 a warrant, the police officer shall immediately notify the parent or
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD09713-01-5
A. 8384 2
1 other person legally responsible for [his or her] the juvenile
2 offender's care or the person with whom [he or she] the juvenile offen-
3 der is domiciled, that such offender or person has been arrested, and
4 the location of the facility where [he or she] the juvenile offender is
5 being detained. If the officer determines that it is necessary to ques-
6 tion a juvenile offender or such person, the officer must take [him or
7 her] the juvenile offender to a facility designated by the chief admin-
8 istrator of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of chil-
9 dren or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsi-
10 ble for the care of the juvenile or such person, to [his or her] the
11 juvenile offender's residence and there question [him or her] the juve-
12 nile offender for a reasonable period of time. A juvenile or such person
13 shall not be questioned pursuant to this section unless [he or she] the
14 juvenile offender and a person required to be notified pursuant to this
15 subdivision, if present, have been advised[:
16 (a) of the juvenile offender's or such person's right to remain
17 silent;
18 (b) that the statements made by him or her may be used in a court of
19 law;
20 (c) of his or her right to have an attorney present at such question-
21 ing; and
22 (d) of his or her right to have an attorney provided for him or her
23 without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel] of the rights
24 as described in subdivision nine of this section.
25 In determining the suitability of questioning and determining the
26 reasonable period of time for questioning such a juvenile offender or
27 person, [his or her] the juvenile offender's age, the presence or
28 absence of [his or her] the juvenile offender's parents or other persons
29 legally responsible for [his or her] the juvenile offender's care and
30 notification pursuant to this subdivision shall be included among rele-
31 vant considerations.
32 9. (a) Upon arresting a defendant, including a juvenile offender, for
33 any offense pursuant to a warrant of arrest, a police officer shall
34 inform the defendant of the following rights prior to commencing any
35 questioning or interrogation:
36 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
37 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
38 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
39 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
40 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
41 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
42 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
43 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
44 (b) In the event that the defendant indicates that the defendant does
45 not understand such rights, all questioning or interrogation shall cease
46 until an attorney has been provided for the defendant and such attorney
47 is present with the defendant for the questioning or interrogation.
48 § 3. Subdivision 5 of section 140.27 of the criminal procedure law, as
49 amended by section 23 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017, is
50 amended and a new subdivision 6 is added to read as follows:
51 5. Upon arresting a juvenile offender or a person sixteen or commenc-
52 ing October first, two thousand nineteen, seventeen years of age without
53 a warrant, the peace officer shall immediately notify the parent or
54 other person legally responsible for [his or her] the juvenile
55 offender's care or the person with whom [he or she] the juvenile offen-
56 der is domiciled, that such offender or person has been arrested, and
A. 8384 3
1 the location of the facility where [he or she] the juvenile offender is
2 being detained. If the officer determines that it is necessary to ques-
3 tion a juvenile offender or such person, the officer must take [him or
4 her] the juvenile offender to a facility designated by the chief admin-
5 istrator of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of chil-
6 dren or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsi-
7 ble for the care of a juvenile offender or such person, to [his or her]
8 the juvenile offender's residence and there question [him or her] the
9 juvenile offender for a reasonable period of time. A juvenile offender
10 or such person shall not be questioned pursuant to this section unless
11 the juvenile offender or such person and a person required to be noti-
12 fied pursuant to this subdivision, if present, have been advised[:
13 (a) of his or her right to remain silent;
14 (b) that the statements made by the juvenile offender or such person
15 may be used in a court of law;
16 (c) of his or her right to have an attorney present at such question-
17 ing; and
18 (d) of his or her right to have an attorney provided for him or her
19 without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel] of the rights
20 as described in subdivision six of this section.
21 In determining the suitability of questioning and determining the
22 reasonable period of time for questioning such a juvenile offender or
23 such person, [his or her] the juvenile offender's age, the presence or
24 absence of [his or her] the juvenile offender's parents or other persons
25 legally responsible for [his or her] the juvenile offender's care and
26 notification pursuant to this subdivision shall be included among rele-
27 vant considerations.
28 6. (a) Upon arresting a defendant, including a juvenile offender, for
29 any offense, a police officer shall inform the defendant of the follow-
30 ing rights prior to commencing any questioning or interrogation:
31 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
32 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
33 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
34 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
35 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
36 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
37 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
38 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
39 (b) In the event that the defendant indicates that the defendant does
40 not understand such rights, all questioning or interrogation shall cease
41 until an attorney has been provided for the defendant and such attorney
42 is present with the defendant for the questioning or interrogation.
43 § 4. Subdivision 5 of section 140.40 of the criminal procedure law, as
44 amended by section 24 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017, is
45 amended and a new subdivision 7 is added to read as follows:
46 5. If a police officer takes an arrested juvenile offender or a person
47 sixteen or commencing October first, two [thosuand] thousand nineteen,
48 seventeen years of age into custody, the police officer shall immediate-
49 ly notify the parent or other person legally responsible for [his or
50 her] the juvenile offender's care or the person with whom [he or she]
51 the juvenile offender is domiciled, that such offender or person has
52 been arrested, and the location of the facility where [he or she] the
53 juvenile offender is being detained. If the officer determines that it
54 is necessary to question a juvenile offender or such person the officer
55 must take [him or her] the juvenile offender to a facility designated by
56 the chief administrator of the courts as a suitable place for the ques-
A. 8384 4
1 tioning of children or, upon the consent of a parent or other person
2 legally responsible for the care of the juvenile offender or such
3 person, to [his or her] the juvenile offender's residence and there
4 question [him or her] the juvenile offender for a reasonable period of
5 time. A juvenile offender or such person shall not be questioned pursu-
6 ant to this section unless [he or she] the juvenile offender and a
7 person required to be notified pursuant to this subdivision, if present,
8 have been advised[:
9 (a) of his or her right to remain silent;
10 (b) that the statements made by the juvenile offender or such person
11 may be used in a court of law;
12 (c) of his or her right to have an attorney present at such question-
13 ing; and
14 (d) of his or her right to have an attorney provided for him or her
15 without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel] of the rights
16 as described in subdivision seven of this section.
17 In determining the suitability of questioning and determining the
18 reasonable period of time for questioning such a juvenile offender or
19 such person, [his or her] the juvenile offender's age, the presence or
20 absence of [his or her] the juvenile offender's parents or other persons
21 legally responsible for [his or her] the juvenile offender's care and
22 notification pursuant to this subdivision shall be included among rele-
23 vant considerations.
24 7. (a) Upon arresting a defendant, including a juvenile offender, for
25 any offense, a police officer shall inform the defendant of the follow-
26 ing rights prior to commencing any questioning or interrogation:
27 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
28 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
29 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
30 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
31 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
32 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
33 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
34 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
35 (b) In the event that the defendant indicates that the defendant does
36 not understand such rights, all questioning or interrogation shall cease
37 until an attorney has been provided for the defendant and such attorney
38 is present with the defendant for the questioning or interrogation.
39 § 5. Subdivision 1 of section 501-h of the executive law, as added by
40 chapter 29 of the laws of 2011, is amended to read as follows:
41 1. (a) If a youth is detained under the interstate compact for juve-
42 niles established pursuant to section five hundred one-e of this arti-
43 cle, [he or she] the youth shall be brought before the appropriate court
44 within seventy-two hours or the next day the court is in session, which-
45 ever is sooner, and shall be advised by the judge of [his or her right
46 to remain silent, his or her right to be represented by counsel of his
47 or her own choosing, and of the right to have an attorney assigned in
48 accord with, as applicable, section two hundred forty-nine of the family
49 court act or article eighteen-B of the county law] the rights set forth
50 in paragraph (b) of this subdivision. The youth shall be allowed a
51 reasonable time to retain counsel, contact [his or her] the youth's
52 parents or other person or persons legally responsible for [his or her]
53 the youth's care or an adult with whom the youth has a significant
54 connection, and the judge may adjourn the proceedings for such purposes.
55 Provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be deemed to
56 require a youth to contact [his or her] the youth's parents or other
A. 8384 5
1 person or persons legally responsible for [his or her] the youth's care.
2 Provided further, however, that counsel shall be assigned immediately,
3 and continue to represent the youth until any retained counsel appears.
4 The court shall schedule a court appearance for the youth no later than
5 ten days after the initial court appearance, and every ten days there-
6 after, while the youth is detained pursuant to the interstate compact
7 for juveniles unless any such appearance is waived by the attorney for
8 the child.
9 (b) A youth detained under the interstate compact for juveniles shall
10 be advised by the judge of the following rights prior to commencing any
11 questioning, interrogation, plea or other court proceedings:
12 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
13 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
14 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
15 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
16 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
17 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
18 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
19 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
20 § 6. Subdivision 7 of section 305.2 of the family court act, as
21 amended by chapter 398 of the laws of 1983, is amended to read as
22 follows:
23 7. A child shall not be questioned pursuant to this section unless
24 [he] the child and a person required to be notified pursuant to subdivi-
25 sion three if present, have been advised[:
26 (a) of the child's right to remain silent;
27 (b) that the statements made by the child may be used in a court of
28 law;
29 (c) of the child's right to have an attorney present at such question-
30 ing; and
31 (d) of the child's right to have an attorney provided for him without
32 charge if he is indigent] of the rights as described in subdivision nine
33 of this section.
34 9. (a) Upon taking a child into custody, a police officer or peace
35 officer shall inform the defendant of the following rights prior to
36 commencing any questioning or interrogation:
37 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
38 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
39 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
40 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
41 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
42 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
43 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
44 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
45 (b) In the event that the defendant indicates that the defendant does
46 not understand such rights, all questioning or interrogation shall cease
47 until an attorney has been provided for the defendant and such attorney
48 is present with the defendant for the questioning or interrogation.
49 § 7. Section 320.3 of the family court act, as amended by chapter 41
50 of the laws of 2010, is amended to read as follows:
51 § 320.3. Notice of rights. 1. At the time the respondent first appears
52 before the court, the respondent and [his or her] the respondent's
53 parent or other person legally responsible for [his or her] the respond-
54 ent's care shall be advised of the [respondent's right to remain silent
55 and of his or her right to be represented by counsel chosen by him or
56 her or by an attorney assigned by the court] rights as described in
A. 8384 6
1 subdivision two of this section. Provided, however, that in the event of
2 the failure of the respondent's parent or other person legally responsi-
3 ble for [his] the respondent's care to appear, after reasonable and
4 substantial effort has been made to notify such parent or responsible
5 person of the commencement of the proceeding and such initial appear-
6 ance, the court shall appoint an attorney for the respondent.
7 2. The judge shall inform the defendant of the following rights prior
8 to commencing any questioning, interrogation or proceeding:
9 "You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the
10 police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the
11 future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you
12 before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions
13 now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop
14 answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and under-
15 standing your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to
16 answer my questions without an attorney present?"
17 § 8. This act shall take effect on the first of January next succeed-
18 ing the date upon which it shall have become a law; provided, however,
19 that the amendments to section 501-h of the executive law made by
20 section five of this act shall not affect the repeal of such section and
21 shall be deemed repealed therewith.
