Requires policing agencies to conduct an inventory of, and develop a publicly-available policy for, any artificial intelligence used to aid criminal investigations.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
9253
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN ASSEMBLY
November 21, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. ROSENTHAL -- read once and referred to the
Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the executive law, in relation to requiring policing
agencies to conduct an inventory of, and develop a publicly-available
policy for, any artificial intelligence used to aid criminal investi-
gations
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. The executive law is amended by adding a new section 837-z
2 to read as follows:
3 § 837-z. Use of artificial intelligence by policing agencies. 1. For
4 the purposes of this section:
5 (a) "Artificial intelligence" or "AI" means a machine-based technology
6 that can infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs,
7 including content, decisions, predictions, or recommendations.
8 (b) "Covered AI" means any AI used to aid a law enforcement investi-
9 gation, including by generating a lead for further investigation or
10 corroboration, as well as generative AI technologies used to write or
11 materially aid in writing police reports or other records relating to a
12 criminal investigation.
13 (i) Covered AI includes, but is not limited to, technologies that
14 perform biometric identification; forensic DNA phenotyping; forensic
15 investigative genetic genealogy; cross-camera tracking; vehicle surveil-
16 lance or tracking including automated license plate readers; anomaly
17 detection; gunshot detection; person-based predictive policing; risk
18 scoring; behavioral analysis; sentiment analysis; convoy analysis; fraud
19 detection; analysis of financial transactions; social network or social
20 media analysis.
21 (ii) Covered AI does not mean AI that is used for administrative tasks
22 that do not materially impact investigations, such as productivity and
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD13978-02-5
A. 9253 2
1 document management tools, or generative AI technologies used to check
2 spelling or grammar.
3 2. (a) On an annual basis, any law enforcement agency using covered AI
4 shall conduct an inventory of all systems used by the agency and shall
5 make publicly available, at minimum, the following information for each
6 system:
7 (i) the name of each system, including the vendor and product name, if
8 applicable;
9 (ii) a brief description of each system's capabilities and limita-
10 tions;
11 (iii) a brief description of the type or types of data inputs each
12 system uses and outputs it produces; and
13 (iv) a brief description of authorized and unauthorized uses for each
14 system.
15 (b) AI system inventory information is publicly available in accord-
16 ance with this subdivision if it is posted conspicuously on the law
17 enforcement agency's website in a text-searchable format and is accessi-
18 ble at no cost. If the law enforcement agency employs fewer than ten
19 full-time sworn officers and does not maintain a website, such informa-
20 tion shall satisfy the requirements of this subdivision if it is made
21 available upon request, consistent with the disclosure response time
22 established in article six of the public officers law, and at no cost to
23 the requesting party.
24 3. (a) (i) Any use of covered AI in a criminal investigation shall be
25 disclosed in a police report filed for that investigation.
26 (ii) Upon arrest or citation following a criminal investigation, the
27 police report shall be submitted to the prosecuting attorney's office
28 and made available to the individual under investigation.
29 (iii) Any use of covered AI by the law enforcement agency in a crimi-
30 nal investigation subsequent to arrest shall be disclosed to the prose-
31 cuting attorney's office and the individual under investigation as soon
32 as practicable but no later than twenty calendar days following such use
33 by the law enforcement agency.
34 (iv) Disclosure of the use of covered AI in a police report shall
35 include, at minimum:
36 (A) the name of the covered AI; and
37 (B) a brief description of the covered AI's role in the investigation,
38 including whether it was used to generate an investigative lead, or
39 identify or aid in the identification of a suspect, witness, or victim.
40 (b) (i) A police report or other law enforcement record generated
41 during a criminal investigation that was created in whole or in part by
42 using generative AI shall:
43 (A) include a disclaimer that the report or record contains content
44 generated by artificial intelligence;
45 (B) where technically feasible, identify the specific content in the
46 report that was generated by AI; and
47 (C) include a certification by the author of the report or record that
48 the author has read and reviewed the report or record for accuracy.
49 (ii) The first draft of any report or record created in whole or in
50 part by using generative AI shall be retained for as long as the final
51 report is retained.
52 (iii) The program used to generate a draft or final report shall main-
53 tain an audit trail that, at minimum, identifies:
54 (A) the person who used AI to create or edit a report;
55 (B) any changes made to the report following the initial draft; and
56 (C) the video and audio footage used to create a report, if any.
A. 9253 3
1 4. (a) Within ninety days of the effective date of this section, the
2 attorney general shall create and publicly post on its website a model
3 policy for the use of covered AI by law enforcement agencies that meets
4 or exceeds the requirements described in paragraph (b) of this subdivi-
5 sion. The attorney general shall review the policy on an annual basis
6 and update as necessary to reflect material changes to covered AI tech-
7 nologies or law enforcement use.
8 (b) The model policy shall, at minimum:
9 (i) include compliance with the requirements described in subdivisions
10 two and three of this section;
11 (ii) describe the authorized uses for covered AI and ban any use that
12 is not explicitly authorized; and
13 (iii) include an acknowledgment that a violation of the policy
14 described in this section may result in administrative disciplinary
15 action.
16 (c) No later than ninety days after the issuance of the model policy
17 described in this subdivision each law enforcement agency shall adopt
18 the model policy or a policy that meets or exceeds the requirements in
19 the model policy. A policy adopted by a law enforcement agency under
20 this paragraph shall be submitted to the attorney general and be posted
21 conspicuously on the attorney general's website in a text-searchable
22 format and accessible at no cost.
23 5. (a) The attorney general may investigate, and if warranted, bring a
24 civil action against any agency or political subdivision to obtain equi-
25 table or declaratory relief to enforce the provisions of this section.
26 (b) Any person who resides within the jurisdiction of a political
27 subdivision or law enforcement agency that is subject to the require-
28 ments of this section may bring a civil action against the political
29 subdivision or its law enforcement agency to obtain equitable or declar-
30 atory relief to enforce the provisions of subdivision two of this
31 section and paragraph (c) of subdivision four of this section. A
32 prevailing plaintiff shall be entitled to reasonable attorney's fees and
33 costs.
34 (c) No action may be commenced against a law enforcement agency or
35 political subdivision under this section unless the plaintiff has
36 provided written notice of the alleged violation to the agency or poli-
37 tical subdivision at least ninety days prior to filing suit, in a manner
38 that is reasonably calculated to enable the entity to cure the alleged
39 violation.
40 § 2. This act shall take effect immediately.
