Add §1175-a, amd §§235, 236, 239, 240, 241, 401, 1809 & 1809-e, V & T L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Relates to owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with stopping requirements at intersections in violation of section 1174 of the vehicle and traffic law; relats to access to records.
STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
10322
IN SENATE
May 13, 2026
___________
Introduced by Sen. KAVANAGH -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and public officers law, in
relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing inter-
section monitoring systems and owner liability for failure of an oper-
ator to comply with stopping requirements at intersections; and
providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
2 section 1175-a to read as follows:
3 § 1175-a. Owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with
4 stopping requirements at intersections; city of New York. (a) 1.
5 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the city of New York is
6 hereby authorized and empowered to adopt and amend a local law or ordi-
7 nance establishing a demonstration program imposing monetary liability
8 on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
9 with section eleven hundred seventy-five of this article in such city,
10 in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such demonstration
11 program shall empower such city to install and operate intersection
12 monitoring devices at no more than forty intersections within such city
13 at any one time.
14 2. Such demonstration program shall utilize necessary technologies to
15 ensure, to the extent practicable, that photographs, microphotographs,
16 videotape or other recorded images produced by such intersection moni-
17 toring systems shall not include images that identify the driver, the
18 passengers, or the contents of the vehicle. Provided, however, that no
19 notice of liability issued pursuant to this section shall be dismissed
20 solely because a photograph, microphotographs, videotape or other
21 recorded images allows for the identification of the contents of a vehi-
22 cle, provided that such city has made a reasonable effort to comply with
23 the provisions of this paragraph.
24 (b) In any such city which has adopted a local law or ordinance pursu-
25 ant to subdivision (a) of this section, the owner of a vehicle shall be
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD15817-01-6
S. 10322 2
1 liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section if such vehicle
2 was used or operated with the permission of the owner, express or
3 implied, in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this
4 article, and such violation is evidenced by information obtained from an
5 intersection monitoring system; provided however that no owner of a
6 vehicle shall be liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section
7 where the operator of such vehicle has been convicted of the underlying
8 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this article.
9 (c) For purposes of this section, "owner" shall have the meaning
10 provided in article two-B of this chapter. For purposes of this section,
11 "intersection monitoring system" shall mean a vehicle sensor installed
12 to work in conjunction with a traffic-control signal which automatically
13 produces two or more photographs, two or more microphotographs, a vide-
14 otape or other recorded images of each vehicle at the time it is used or
15 operated in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this
16 article.
17 (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by
18 the city in which the charged violation occurred, or a facsimile there-
19 of, based upon inspection of photographs, microphotographs, videotape or
20 other recorded images produced by an intersection monitoring system,
21 shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein. Any photo-
22 graphs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images evidencing
23 such a violation shall be available for inspection in any proceeding to
24 adjudicate the liability for such violation pursuant to a local law or
25 ordinance adopted pursuant to this section.
26 (e) An owner liable for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
27 ty-five of this article pursuant to a local law or ordinance adopted
28 pursuant to this section shall be liable for monetary penalties in
29 accordance with a schedule of fines and penalties to be set forth in
30 such local law or ordinance. The liability of the owner pursuant to this
31 section shall not exceed one hundred fifty dollars for each violation;
32 provided, however, that such local law or ordinance may provide for an
33 additional penalty not in excess of twenty-five dollars for each
34 violation for the failure to respond to a notice of liability within the
35 prescribed time period.
36 (f) An imposition of liability under a local law or ordinance adopted
37 pursuant to this section shall not be deemed a conviction as an operator
38 and shall not be made part of the operating record of the person upon
39 whom such liability is imposed nor shall it be used for insurance
40 purposes in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.
41 (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each
42 person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of section elev-
43 en hundred seventy-five of this article pursuant to this section.
44 Personal delivery on the owner shall not be required. A manual or auto-
45 matic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of business
46 shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein.
47 2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the
48 person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of section elev-
49 en hundred seventy-five of this article pursuant to this section, the
50 registration number of the vehicle involved in such violation, the
51 location where such violation took place, the date and time of such
52 violation and the identification number of the camera which recorded the
53 violation or other document locator number.
54 3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the
55 person charged of the manner and the time in which such person may
56 contest the liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability
S. 10322 3
1 shall also contain a warning to advise the persons charged that failure
2 to contest in the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission
3 of liability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
4 4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by the city
5 having jurisdiction over the intersection where the violation occurred,
6 or by any other entity authorized by the city to prepare and mail such
7 notification of violation.
8 (h) Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners by this section
9 shall be by a traffic violations bureau established pursuant to section
10 three hundred seventy of the general municipal law or, if there be none,
11 by the court having jurisdiction over traffic infractions, except that
12 any city which has established an administrative tribunal to hear and
13 determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, stand-
14 ing or stopping violations may, by local law, authorize such adjudi-
15 cation by such tribunal.
16 (i) If an owner receives a notice of liability pursuant to this
17 section for any time period during which the vehicle was reported to the
18 police department as having been stolen, it shall be a valid defense to
19 an allegation of liability for a violation of section eleven hundred
20 seventy-five of this article pursuant to this section that the vehicle
21 had been reported to the police as stolen prior to the time the
22 violation occurred and had not been recovered by such time. For purposes
23 of asserting the defense provided by this subdivision it shall be suffi-
24 cient that a certified copy of the police report on the stolen vehicle
25 be sent by first class mail to the traffic violations bureau, court
26 having jurisdiction or parking violations bureau.
27 (j) An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of liabil-
28 ity was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall not be
29 liable for the violation of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this
30 article, provided that such owner sends to the traffic violations
31 bureau, court having jurisdiction or parking violations bureau a copy of
32 the rental, lease or other such contract document covering such vehicle
33 on the date of the violation, with the name and address of the lessee
34 clearly legible, within thirty-seven days after receiving notice from
35 the bureau, court or bureau of the date and time of such violation,
36 together with the other information contained in the original notice of
37 liability. Failure to send such information within such thirty-seven
38 day time period shall render the owner liable for the penalty prescribed
39 by this section. Where the lessor complies with the provisions of this
40 subdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on the date of such violation
41 shall be deemed to be the owner of such vehicle for purposes of this
42 section, shall be subject to liability for the violation of section
43 eleven hundred seventy-five of this article pursuant to this section and
44 shall be sent a notice of liability pursuant to subdivision (g) of this
45 section.
46 (k) 1. If the owner liable for a violation of section eleven hundred
47 seventy-five of this article pursuant to this section was not the opera-
48 tor of the vehicle at the time of the violation, the owner may maintain
49 an action for indemnification against the operator.
50 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no owner of a
51 vehicle shall be subject to a monetary fine imposed pursuant to this
52 section if the operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle with-
53 out the consent of the owner at the time such operator failed to obey
54 the provisions of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this article.
55 For purposes of this subdivision there shall be a presumption that the
56 operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle with the consent of
S. 10322 4
1 the owner at the time such operator failed to obey the provisions of
2 section eleven hundred seventy-five of this article.
3 (l) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability
4 of an operator of a vehicle for any violation of section eleven hundred
5 seventy-five of this article.
6 (m) Any city that adopts a demonstration program pursuant to subdivi-
7 sion (a) of this section shall submit an annual report detailing the
8 results of the use of such intersection monitoring system to the gover-
9 nor, the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the assem-
10 bly on or before the first day of June next succeeding the effective
11 date of this section and on the same date in each succeeding year in
12 which the demonstration program is operable. Such report shall include,
13 but not be limited to:
14 1. a description of the locations where intersection monitoring
15 systems were used;
16 2. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at
17 intersections where an intersection monitoring system is used for the
18 three years preceding the installation of such system, to the extent the
19 information is maintained by the department of motor vehicles of this
20 state;
21 3. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at
22 intersections where an intersection monitoring system is used for the
23 reporting year, as well as for each year that the intersection monitor-
24 ing system has been operational, to the extent the information is main-
25 tained by the department of motor vehicles of this state;
26 4. the number of events and number of violations recorded at each
27 intersection where an intersection monitoring system is used and in the
28 aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
29 5. the number of notices of liability issued for violations recorded
30 by such system at each intersection where an intersection monitoring
31 system is used;
32 6. the number of fines imposed and total amount of fines paid after
33 first notice of liability;
34 7. the number and percentage of violations adjudicated and results of
35 such adjudications including breakdowns of dispositions made for
36 violations recorded by such systems;
37 8. the total amount of revenue realized by such city from such adjudi-
38 cations including a breakdown of revenue realized by such city for each
39 year since deployment of its intersection monitoring system;
40 9. expenses incurred by such city in connection with the program; and
41 10. quality of the adjudication process and its results.
42 § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
43 amended by section 1 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is
44 amended to read as follows:
45 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
46 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
47 heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative
48 tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions
49 constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi-
50 cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
51 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
52 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
53 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
54 trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
55 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
56 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the liability of
S. 10322 5
1 owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
2 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
3 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
4 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
5 maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo
6 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
7 this chapter, or (d) to adjudicate the liability of owners for
8 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
9 this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing
10 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
11 thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa-
12 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
13 twenty-four of this chapter, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of
14 owners for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain
15 public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authori-
16 ties to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
17 of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of
18 such public authorities through the installation and operation of
19 photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section
20 two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and
21 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
22 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate
23 the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
24 ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
25 provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three
26 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
27 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
28 failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual
29 signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo
30 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
31 this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for
32 violations of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
33 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such
34 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross
35 vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh
36 in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner
37 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such
38 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal-
39 lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
40 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the
41 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g)
42 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
43 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
44 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
45 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
46 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
47 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter,
48 or (i) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper-
49 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of
50 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
51 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
52 thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
53 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo
54 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (j)
55 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven
56 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law
S. 10322 6
1 or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
2 failure of an operator thereof to comply with stopping requirements at
3 intersections through the installation and operation of intersection
4 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap-
5 ter, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto
6 shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following
7 sections.
8 § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
9 amended by section 2 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is
10 amended to read as follows:
11 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
12 tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau
13 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
14 parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability
15 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
16 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance
17 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
18 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the
19 installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-
20 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
21 ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
22 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
23 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
24 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
25 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the
26 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
27 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate
28 the liability of owners for violations of bus lane restrictions as
29 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus
30 rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
31 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
32 restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo
33 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d)
34 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection
35 regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law
36 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the
37 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
38 toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the
39 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
40 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
41 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
42 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
43 hundred fifty, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of owners for
44 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when
45 meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions
46 twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this
47 chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary
48 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
49 to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation
50 and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in
51 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f) to adjudi-
52 cate the liability of owners for violations of section three hundred
53 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered
54 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of
55 this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight
56 violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program
S. 10322 7
1 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
2 operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle
3 weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in
4 motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of
5 this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for
6 violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
7 eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program
8 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
9 operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within
10 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
11 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
12 with article thirty of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the liability
13 of owners for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
14 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
15 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
16 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
17 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
18 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
19 ty-four of this chapter, or (i) to adjudicate the liability of owners
20 for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter
21 imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary
22 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
23 to comply with stopping requirements at intersections through the
24 installation and operation of intersection monitoring systems, in
25 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter. Such tribunal,
26 except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also
27 have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of
28 this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or
29 regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing
30 of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner"
31 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an
32 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
33 § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
34 traffic law, as amended by section 3 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws
35 of 2025, is amended to read as follows:
36 f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in
37 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
38 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
39 to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and
40 thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
41 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
42 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
43 hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
44 failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi-
45 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
46 of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
47 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
48 cle twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maxi-
49 mum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
50 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installa-
51 tion and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in
52 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus
53 lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter
54 through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in
55 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with
56 toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the
S. 10322 8
1 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
2 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
3 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
4 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
5 hundred fifty; or to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual
6 signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap-
7 ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation
8 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap-
9 ter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
10 of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
11 this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area
12 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
13 ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to
14 comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in
15 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
16 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such
17 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa-
18 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
19 accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus oper-
20 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of
21 this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transporta-
22 tion of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
23 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
24 four of this chapter; or to comply with stopping requirements at inter-
25 sections as defined in section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chap-
26 ter through the installation and operation of intersection monitoring
27 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter.
28 § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of
29 subdivision 1-b of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, subdivi-
30 sions 1 and 1-a as amended by section 4 of part N of chapter 58 of the
31 laws of 2025, and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of subdivision
32 1-b as amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of
33 2023, are amended to read as follows:
34 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking
35 violation enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be liable
36 in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the
37 imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
38 of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in
39 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
40 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
41 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-
42 four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed
43 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
44 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
45 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
46 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions
47 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa-
48 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
49 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu-
50 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
51 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of
52 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
53 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
54 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop
55 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section
56 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
S. 10322 9
1 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord-
2 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
3 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
4 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway
5 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
6 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
7 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight
8 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred
9 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered
10 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of
11 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
12 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
13 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as
14 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
15 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the
16 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in
17 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with
18 stopping requirements at intersections as defined in section eleven
19 hundred seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and opera-
20 tion of intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article
21 twenty-nine of this chapter, contests such allegation, the bureau shall
22 advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the
23 director may direct of the date on which such person must appear to
24 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
25 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
26 to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on
27 the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be
28 deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be
29 entered thereon.
30 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been
31 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
32 in accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the impo-
33 sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
34 operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in
35 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
36 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
37 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-
38 four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed
39 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
40 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
41 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
42 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions
43 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa-
44 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
45 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu-
46 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
47 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of
48 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
49 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
50 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop
51 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section
52 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
53 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord-
54 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
55 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
56 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway
S. 10322 10
1 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
2 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
3 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight
4 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred
5 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered
6 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of
7 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
8 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
9 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as
10 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
11 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the
12 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in
13 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or to comply with
14 stopping requirements at intersections as defined in section eleven
15 hundred seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and opera-
16 tion of intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article
17 twenty-nine of this chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely
18 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
19 been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
20 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
21 In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing
22 for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti-
23 cle, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a first-
24 response emergency vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance with any
25 provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary
26 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:
27 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision
28 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
29 lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor-
30 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or
31 to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of
32 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
33 of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed
34 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this
35 chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
36 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of
37 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
38 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as
39 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
40 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the
41 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in
42 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with
43 stopping requirements at intersections as defined in section eleven
44 hundred seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and opera-
45 tion of intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article
46 twenty-nine of this chapter is not liable for such alleged violation if
47 such owner of the first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing
48 officer with:
49 § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
50 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part N of chapter 58 of the
51 laws of 2025, are amended to read as follows:
52 a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
53 or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
54 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to
55 a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
56 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
S. 10322 11
1 trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
2 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
3 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an
4 owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
5 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
6 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
7 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted
8 maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo
9 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
10 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
11 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
12 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary
13 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
14 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and
15 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
16 four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a
17 violation of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public
18 authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to
19 impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
20 operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such
21 public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni-
22 toring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thou-
23 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
24 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
25 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability of
26 an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this
27 chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in
28 subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-
29 five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos-
30 ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper-
31 ator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the
32 installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring
33 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or an
34 allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
35 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed
36 pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
37 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
38 certain posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or
39 maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo
40 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
41 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
42 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of
43 the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are
44 defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle
45 weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in
46 motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of
47 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross
48 vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation
49 and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
50 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allegation of liabil-
51 ity of an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regu-
52 lations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursu-
53 ant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner
54 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus
55 operation-related traffic regulations through the installation and oper-
56 ation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article
S. 10322 12
1 twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner
2 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter
3 imposed pursuant to a program imposing monetary liability on the
4 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
5 such stopping requirements at intersections through the installation
6 and operation of street intersection monitoring devices, in accordance
7 with article twenty-nine of this chapter, shall be held before a hear-
8 ing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the
9 bureau.
10 g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
11 hearing at which liability in accordance with any provisions of law
12 specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the
13 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with
14 traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section
15 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper-
16 ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in
17 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with
18 certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b),
19 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
20 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
21 ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to
22 comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
23 this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo
24 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to
25 comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities
26 through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
27 accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred
28 eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a,
29 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
30 laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
31 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
32 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo
33 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
34 this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in
35 violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
36 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
37 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
38 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
39 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in
40 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
41 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such
42 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa-
43 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
44 accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus oper-
45 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of
46 this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transporta-
47 tion of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
48 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
49 four of this chapter; or to comply with stopping requirements at inter-
50 sections as defined in section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chap-
51 ter through the installation and operation of intersection monitoring
52 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, is
53 contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
54 § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
55 law, as amended by section 6 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of
56 2025, are amended to read as follows:
S. 10322 13
1 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges,
2 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
3 mines that the charges have been sustained such hearing examiner may
4 examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of
5 liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions of law specif-
6 ically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of
7 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-
8 control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
9 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
10 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
11 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted
12 maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
13 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
14 lation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in
15 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
16 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through
17 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
18 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
19 regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and
20 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
21 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
22 ties law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
23 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
24 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of
25 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
26 lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
27 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
28 certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b),
29 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
30 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
31 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
32 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
33 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred
34 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered
35 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of
36 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
37 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
38 chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations
39 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the
40 rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York
41 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo
42 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to
43 comply with stopping requirements at intersections as defined in section
44 eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and
45 operation of intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article
46 twenty-nine of this chapter, of the person charged, as applicable prior
47 to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or
48 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main-
49 tained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
50 ment of penalties.
51 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
52 parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance
53 with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of
54 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
55 thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of
56 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through
S. 10322 14
1 the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo viola-
2 tion-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
3 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
4 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
5 eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo
6 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
7 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
8 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of
9 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
10 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public
11 authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring
12 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine
13 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
14 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
15 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display-
16 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-
17 four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school
18 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen-
19 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed
20 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
21 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main-
22 tenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed
23 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this
24 chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight
25 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this
26 chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered
27 authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter
28 through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation
29 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or]
30 to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
31 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the
32 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
33 lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
34 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with stop-
35 ping requirements at intersections as defined in section eleven hundred
36 seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and operation of
37 intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine
38 of this chapter, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or
39 subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
40 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
41 rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest,
42 appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of
43 liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default
44 judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the
45 bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed
46 for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
47 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law
48 notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
49 commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability
50 alleged in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authoriz-
51 ing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
52 failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi-
53 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
54 of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
55 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
56 cle twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum
S. 10322 15
1 speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
2 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation
3 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
4 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
5 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through
6 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
7 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
8 regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and
9 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
10 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
11 ties law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
12 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
13 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of
14 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
15 lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
16 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
17 certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b),
18 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
19 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
20 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
21 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
22 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred
23 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered
24 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of
25 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
26 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
27 chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations
28 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the
29 rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York
30 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo
31 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to
32 comply with stopping requirements at intersections as defined in section
33 eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter through the installation and
34 operation of intersection monitoring systems, in accordance with article
35 twenty-nine of this chapter, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3)
36 that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in
37 which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdic-
38 tion or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within
39 the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering
40 a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with any
41 provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary
42 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:
43 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision
44 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
45 lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor-
46 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to
47 comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivi-
48 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
49 chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
50 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
51 to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four
52 of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo
53 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to
54 comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities
55 through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
56 accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred
S. 10322 16
1 eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a,
2 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
3 laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
4 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
5 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo
6 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
7 this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in
8 violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
9 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
10 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
11 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
12 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in
13 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
14 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such
15 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa-
16 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
17 accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus
18 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four
19 of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transpor-
20 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
21 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
22 four of this chapter; or to comply with stopping requirements at inter-
23 sections as defined in section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chap-
24 ter through the installation and operation of intersection monitoring
25 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or
26 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice.
27 Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in
28 the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal-
29 ty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be
30 required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
31 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no
32 case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
33 of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the
34 expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
35 allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty
36 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
37 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
38 ing them, such hearing examiner shall impose no greater penalty or fine
39 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
40 § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
41 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of part N of
42 chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows:
43 (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
44 of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau,
45 traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of
46 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or their representative
47 failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or
48 failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative
49 tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of
50 three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within
51 an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle
52 was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated
53 for hire by the registrant or their agent without being licensed as a
54 motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation
55 of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule
56 or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was
S. 10322 17
1 liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
2 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance
3 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
4 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the
5 installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-
6 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
7 ter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision
8 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
9 ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary
10 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
11 to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation
12 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
13 with article thirty of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
14 for a violation of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-
15 four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program
16 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
17 operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the
18 installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with
19 article twenty-four of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable
20 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter
21 when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivi-
22 sions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of
23 this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing mone-
24 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
25 thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the instal-
26 lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
27 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or (vi) the
28 registrant was liable for a violation of section three hundred eighty-
29 five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or
30 covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap-
31 ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations
32 imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing
33 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
34 thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight
35 restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
36 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
37 chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivi-
38 sion (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
39 ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary
40 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
41 to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway
42 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
43 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
44 article thirty of this chapter[,]; or (viii) the registrant was liable
45 for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined
46 by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demon-
47 stration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle
48 for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-re-
49 lated traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus
50 operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four
51 of this chapter[,]; or (ix) the registrant was liable for a violation of
52 section eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant
53 to a program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle
54 for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such stopping
55 requirements at intersections through the installation and operation of
56 street intersection monitoring devices, in accordance with article
S. 10322 18
1 twenty-nine of this chapter, the commissioner or their agent shall deny
2 the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides
3 proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or adminis-
4 trative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
5 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
6 such applicant has complied with the rules and regulations of said
7 tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is
8 denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in their
9 discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other
10 person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
11 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
12 applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
13 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
14 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
15 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
16 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
17 remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the
18 registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following
19 entry of a final decision.
20 § 9. Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
21 as amended by section 8 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is
22 amended to read as follows:
23 1-a. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this
24 section, the provisions of subdivision one of this section shall not
25 apply to an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for violations of
26 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed
27 pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the
28 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
29 traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of
30 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
31 with article twenty-four of this chapter; or (b) for violations of
32 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
33 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
34 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
35 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the
36 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
37 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations
38 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
39 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary
40 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
41 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and
42 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
43 four of this chapter; or (d) for violations of toll collection regu-
44 lations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law
45 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the
46 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
47 toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the
48 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
49 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
50 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
51 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
52 hundred fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-
53 four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
54 provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three
55 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
56 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
S. 10322 19
1 failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual
2 signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo
3 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
4 this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five
5 of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or
6 covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap-
7 ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations
8 imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing
9 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
10 thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight
11 restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion
12 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this
13 chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of
14 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
15 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
16 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
17 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
18 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
19 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
20 or (h) for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
21 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
22 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
23 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
24 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
25 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
26 ty-four of this chapter; or (i) for violations of section eleven hundred
27 seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing
28 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
29 thereof to comply with such stopping requirements at intersections
30 through the installation and operation of street intersection monitoring
31 devices, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter.
32 § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
33 and traffic law, as amended by section 9 of part N of chapter 58 of the
34 laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows:
35 a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
36 a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a
37 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
38 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
39 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
40 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except: (i) a traffic
41 infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by
42 pedestrians or bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability of an
43 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
44 en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing
45 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
46 thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa-
47 tion and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
48 systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and
49 (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
50 vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
51 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
52 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
53 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the
54 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
55 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv) an adjudi-
56 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions
S. 10322 20
1 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
2 bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
3 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
4 restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo
5 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v)
6 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll
7 collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to
8 the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability
9 on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
10 with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the
11 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
12 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
13 ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
14 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; and
15 (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section
16 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus
17 marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c
18 of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant
19 to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of
20 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus
21 red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus
22 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-
23 nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner
24 for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and
25 the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such
26 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross
27 vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh
28 in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner
29 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such
30 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal-
31 lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in
32 accordance with article ten of this chapter; and (viii) an adjudication
33 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
34 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to
35 a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
36 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
37 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
38 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation
39 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
40 and (ix) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of bus
41 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four
42 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
43 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
44 thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
45 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo
46 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (x)
47 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section
48 eleven hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
49 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
50 failure of an operator thereof to comply with such stopping require-
51 ments at intersections through the installation and operation of street
52 intersection monitoring devices, in accordance with article twenty-nine
53 of this chapter, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence,
54 penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional
55 surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
S. 10322 21
1 § 11. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is
2 amended by adding a new paragraph (w) to read as follows:
3 (w) are photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded
4 images prepared under authority of section eleven hundred seventy-five-a
5 of the vehicle and traffic law.
6 § 12. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
7 established pursuant to section 1175-a of the vehicle and traffic law,
8 as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions
9 of section 103 of the general municipal law.
10 § 13. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day
11 after it shall have become a law; provided, however, that sections one,
12 eleven and twelve of this act shall expire July 1, 2032, when upon such
13 date the provisions of such sections shall be deemed repealed. Effec-
14 tive immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or
15 regulation necessary for the implementation of section one of this act
16 on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or
17 before such effective date.
