STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
2114
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
January 15, 2025
___________
Introduced by Sens. COONEY, HOYLMAN-SIGAL -- read twice and ordered
printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Trans-
portation
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the penal law, in
relation to enacting the "vehicular violence accountability act"
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as
2 the "vehicular violence accountability act".
3 § 2. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph (a) and paragraphs (b) and (d) of
4 subdivision 4 of section 502 of the vehicle and traffic law, subpara-
5 graph (i) of paragraph (a) and paragraph (b) of subdivision 4 as amended
6 by chapter 379 of the laws of 2022, and paragraph (d) as amended by
7 chapter 477 of the laws of 2024, are amended and a new paragraph (c-6)
8 is added to read as follows:
9 (i) Upon submission of an application for a driver's license, the
10 applicant shall be required to take and pass a test, or submit evidence
11 of passage of a test, with respect to the laws relating to traffic, the
12 laws relating to driving while ability is impaired and while intoxicat-
13 ed, under the overpowering influence of "Road Rage", "Work Zone Safety"
14 awareness, "Motorcycle Safety" awareness and "Pedestrian and Bicyclist
15 Safety" awareness as defined by the commissioner, "School Bus Safety"
16 awareness, the laws relating to vehicular violence, the law relating to
17 exercising due care to avoid colliding with a parked, stopped or stand-
18 ing authorized emergency vehicle or hazard vehicle pursuant to section
19 eleven hundred forty-four-a of this chapter, the ability to read and
20 comprehend traffic signs and symbols and such other matters as the
21 commissioner may prescribe, and to satisfactorily complete a course
22 prescribed by the commissioner of not less than four hours and not more
23 than five hours, consisting of classroom driver training and highway
24 safety instruction or the equivalent thereof. Such test shall include at
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03537-01-5
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1 least seven written questions concerning the effects of consumption of
2 alcohol or drugs on the ability of a person to operate a motor vehicle
3 and the legal and financial consequences resulting from violations of
4 section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, prohibiting the oper-
5 ation of a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
6 Such test shall include one or more written questions concerning the
7 devastating effects of "Road Rage" on the ability of a person to operate
8 a motor vehicle and the legal and financial consequences resulting from
9 assaulting, threatening or interfering with the lawful conduct of anoth-
10 er person legally using the roadway. Such test shall include one or more
11 questions concerning the potential dangers to persons and equipment
12 resulting from the unsafe operation of a motor vehicle in a work zone.
13 Such test may include one or more questions concerning motorcycle safe-
14 ty. Such test may include one or more questions concerning the law for
15 exercising due care to avoid colliding with a parked, stopped or stand-
16 ing vehicle pursuant to section eleven hundred forty-four-a of this
17 chapter. Such test may include one or more questions concerning school
18 bus safety. Such test may include one or more questions concerning
19 pedestrian and bicyclist safety. Such test may include one or more ques-
20 tions concerning vehicular violence. Such test shall be administered by
21 the commissioner. The commissioner shall cause the applicant to take a
22 vision test and a test for color blindness. Upon passage of the vision
23 test, the application may be accepted and the application fee shall be
24 payable.
25 (b) Upon successful completion of the requirements set forth in para-
26 graph (a) of this subdivision which shall include an alcohol and drug
27 education component as described in paragraph (c) of this subdivision, a
28 "Road Rage" awareness component as described in paragraph (c-1) of this
29 subdivision, a "Work Zone Safety" awareness component as described in
30 paragraph (c-2) of this subdivision, a "Motorcycle Safety" awareness
31 component as described in paragraph (c-3) of this subdivision, a "School
32 Bus Safety" awareness component as described in paragraph (c-4) of this
33 subdivision, [and] a "Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety" awareness compo-
34 nent as described in paragraph (c-5) of this subdivision, and a vehicu-
35 lar violence awareness component as described in paragraph (c-6) of this
36 subdivision, the commissioner shall cause the applicant to take a road
37 test in a representative vehicle of a type prescribed by the commission-
38 er which shall be appropriate to the type of license for which applica-
39 tion is made, except that the commissioner may waive the road test
40 requirements for certain classes of applicants. Provided, however, that
41 the term "representative vehicle" shall not include a three-wheeled
42 motor vehicle that has two wheels situated in the front and one wheel in
43 the rear, has a steering mechanism and seating which does not require
44 the operator to straddle or sit astride, is equipped with safety belts
45 for all occupants and is manufactured to comply with federal motor vehi-
46 cle safety standards for motorcycles including, but not limited to, 49
47 C.F.R. part 571. The commissioner shall have the power to establish a
48 program to allow persons other than employees of the department to
49 conduct road tests in representative vehicles when such tests are
50 required for applicants to obtain a class A, B or C license. If [she]
51 the commissioner chooses to do so, [she] the commissioner shall set
52 forth [her] the reasons in writing and conduct a public hearing on the
53 matter. [She] The commissioner shall only establish such a program after
54 holding the public hearing.
55 (c-6) Vehicular violence awareness component. (i) The commissioner
56 shall provide in the pre-licensing course, set forth in paragraph (b) of
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1 this subdivision, a mandatory component in vehicular violence awareness
2 education as a prerequisite for obtaining a license to operate a motor
3 vehicle. The purpose of the component is to educate prospective licen-
4 sees on the dangers of committing a vehicular crime that causes injury
5 or death to another individual.
6 (ii) The commissioner shall establish a curriculum for the vehicular
7 violence awareness component which shall include, but shall not be
8 limited to, an overview of laws governing conduct committed while oper-
9 ating a motorized vehicle that causes injury or death to another person,
10 including but not limited to an explanation of the laws contained in
11 article one hundred twenty-six of the penal law.
12 (iii) In developing such curriculum, the commissioner shall consult
13 with the commissioner of transportation.
14 (d) (i) The commissioner shall make available for distribution upon
15 registration at each location where the pre-licensing course will be
16 given (1) instructional handbooks outlining the content of the entire
17 curriculum of the pre-licensing course including the information
18 required to be included in the course pursuant to paragraphs (c), (c-1),
19 (c-2), (c-3), (c-4) [and], (c-5) and (c-6) of this subdivision, and (2)
20 information as to how a person may register in the New York state organ
21 and tissue donor registry under section forty-three hundred ten of the
22 public health law.
23 (ii) The commissioner shall also provide for the additional training
24 of the instructors necessary for the competent instruction of the alco-
25 hol and drug education, "Road Rage" awareness, "Work Zone Safety" aware-
26 ness, "Motorcycle Safety" awareness, "School Bus Safety" awareness
27 [and], "Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety" awareness and the vehicular
28 violence awareness subject matters of the pre-licensing course.
29 § 3. The penal law is amended by adding a new article 126 to read as
30 follows:
31 ARTICLE 126
32 VEHICULAR VIOLENCE
33 Section 126.00 Vehicular violence defined.
34 126.05 Serious physical injury by vehicle.
35 126.10 Aggravated serious physical injury by vehicle.
36 126.15 Death by vehicle.
37 126.20 Aggravated death by vehicle.
38 § 126.00 Vehicular violence defined.
39 The following definitions are applicable to this article:
40 1. "Vehicular violence" means conduct committed while operating a
41 motorized vehicle, other than driving under the influence of alcohol or
42 drugs, that negligently causes injury or death to another individual.
43 2. "Failure to exercise due care" means ordinary or civil negligence.
44 3. "A specified traffic infraction" means any moving violation reason-
45 ably related to the safety of pedestrians and bicyclists as well as any
46 of the following traffic rules or regulations as defined in section
47 eleven hundred ten (obedience to and required traffic-control devices);
48 section eleven hundred eleven (traffic-control signal indications);
49 section eleven hundred thirteen (flashing signal indications); section
50 eleven hundred twenty (drive on right side of roadway; exceptions);
51 section eleven hundred forty-two (vehicle entering stop or yield inter-
52 section); section eleven hundred forty-five (vehicle approaching rotary
53 traffic circle or island); section eleven hundred forty-six (drivers to
54 exercise due care); section eleven hundred fifty-one-a (pedestrians'
55 right of way on sidewalks); section eleven hundred sixty (required posi-
56 tion and method of turning at intersections); section eleven hundred
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1 sixty-one (U turns in certain areas prohibited); section eleven hundred
2 sixty-three (turning movements and required signals); section eleven
3 hundred seventy (obedience to signal indicating approach of train);
4 section eleven hundred seventy-one (certain vehicles must stop at all
5 railroad grade crossings); section eleven hundred seventy-two (stop
6 signs and yield signs); section eleven hundred seventy-three (emerging
7 from alley, driveway, private road or building); section eleven hundred
8 seventy-four (overtaking and passing school bus); section eleven hundred
9 eighty (basic rule and maximum limits); section eleven hundred eighty-
10 two (speed contests and races); section twelve hundred twelve (reckless
11 driving); section twelve hundred twenty-five (avoiding intersections or
12 traffic-control device); section twelve hundred twenty-five-a (driving
13 on sidewalks); section twelve hundred twenty-five-c (use of mobile tele-
14 phones); section twelve hundred twenty-five-d (use of portable electron-
15 ic devices) of the vehicle and traffic law; or any state or local stat-
16 ute reasonably related to the safe operation of a motor vehicle.
17 4. "Motorized vehicle" means any motor vehicle defined in the vehicle
18 and traffic law; or any motorcycle, ATV, or motor driven cycle or
19 wheeled device, other than an electrically driven mobility assistance
20 device.
21 5. "Commissioner" means the commissioner of motor vehicles of this
22 state.
23 § 126.05 Serious physical injury by vehicle.
24 A person is guilty of serious physical injury by vehicle when such
25 person fails to exercise due care while operating a motorized vehicle
26 and commits a specified traffic infraction, as defined in subdivision
27 three of section 126.00 of this article, and the commission of the spec-
28 ified traffic infraction is the proximate cause of serious physical
29 injury to another person.
30 Serious physical injury by vehicle is a class B misdemeanor.
31 § 126.10 Aggravated serious physical injury by vehicle.
32 A person is guilty of aggravated serious physical injury by vehicle
33 when such person commits the crime of serious physical injury by vehicle
34 as defined in section 126.05 of this article, and:
35 1. Knows or has reason to know that such person's license or privilege
36 of operating a motor vehicle in this state, or privilege of obtaining a
37 license to operate a motor vehicle issued by the commissioner is
38 suspended, revoked or otherwise withdrawn by the commissioner if: (a)
39 the suspension, revocation, or withdrawal was based upon a conviction of
40 a violation of any provision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the
41 vehicle and traffic law; or (b) the suspension, revocation, or with-
42 drawal was based upon a refusal to submit to a chemical test pursuant to
43 section eleven hundred ninety-four of the vehicle and traffic law; or
44 (c) the suspension was a mandatory suspension pending prosecution of a
45 charge of a violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehi-
46 cle and traffic law ordered pursuant to paragraph (e) of subdivision two
47 of section eleven hundred ninety-three of the vehicle and traffic law or
48 other similar statute;
49 2. Has previously been convicted of violating any provision of section
50 eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law within the
51 preceding ten years. For purposes of this subdivision, a conviction in
52 any other state or jurisdiction of an offense which, if committed in
53 this state, would constitute a violation of section eleven hundred nine-
54 ty-two of the vehicle and traffic law, shall be treated as a violation
55 of such law;
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1 3. Was driving twenty or more miles per hour above the legal speed
2 limit;
3 4. Was committing more than one specified traffic infraction as
4 defined in subdivision three of section 126.00 of this article; or
5 5. Thereby caused serious physical injury to more than one person.
6 Aggravated serious physical injury by vehicle is a class A misdemea-
7 nor.
8 § 126.15 Death by vehicle.
9 A person is guilty of death by vehicle when such person fails to exer-
10 cise due care while operating a motorized vehicle and commits a speci-
11 fied traffic infraction as defined in subdivision three of section
12 126.00 of this article, and the commission of the specified traffic
13 infraction is the proximate cause of the death of another person.
14 Death by vehicle is a class A misdemeanor.
15 § 126.20 Aggravated death by vehicle.
16 A person is guilty of aggravated death by vehicle when such person
17 commits the crime of death by vehicle as defined in section 126.15 of
18 this article, and:
19 1. Knows or has reason to know that such person's license or privilege
20 of operating a motor vehicle in this state, or privilege of obtaining a
21 license to operate a motor vehicle issued by the commissioner is
22 suspended, revoked or otherwise withdrawn by the commissioner if: (a)
23 the suspension, revocation, or withdrawal was based upon a conviction of
24 any provision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and
25 traffic law; or (b) the suspension, revocation, or withdrawal was based
26 upon a refusal to submit to a chemical test, pursuant to section eleven
27 hundred ninety-four of the vehicle and traffic law; or (c) the suspen-
28 sion was a mandatory suspension pending prosecution of a charge of a
29 violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traf-
30 fic law ordered pursuant to paragraph (e) of subdivision two of section
31 eleven hundred ninety-three of the vehicle and traffic law or other
32 similar statute;
33 2. Has previously been convicted of violating any provision of section
34 eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law within the
35 preceding ten years. For purposes of this subdivision, a conviction in
36 any other state or jurisdiction of an offense which, if committed in
37 this state, would constitute a violation of section eleven hundred nine-
38 ty-two of the vehicle and traffic law, shall be treated as a violation
39 of such law;
40 3. Was driving twenty or more miles per hour above the legal speed
41 limit;
42 4. Was committing more than one specified traffic infraction as
43 defined in subdivision three of section 126.00 of this article;
44 5. Thereby caused the death of more than one person; or
45 6. Thereby caused the death of one person and the serious physical
46 injury of at least one other person.
47 Aggravated death by vehicle is a class E felony.
48 § 4. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed-
49 ing the date on which it shall have become a law.
