Relates to price gouging; defines unconscionably excessive price for the purposes of prohibiting price gouging during abnormal disruption of the market.
STATE OF NEW YORK
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7345
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
April 10, 2025
___________
Introduced by Sen. LANZA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Consumer Protection
AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to price gouging
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Section 396-r of the general business law, as amended by
2 chapter 90 of the laws of 2020, subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 725
3 of the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
4 § 396-r. Price gouging. 1. Legislative findings and declaration. The
5 legislature hereby finds that during periods of abnormal disruption of
6 the market caused by strikes, power failures, severe shortages or other
7 extraordinary adverse circumstances, some parties within the chain of
8 distribution of goods have taken unfair advantage of the public by
9 charging grossly excessive prices for essential goods and services.
10 In order to prevent any party within the chain of distribution of any
11 goods from taking unfair advantage of the public during abnormal
12 disruptions of the market, the legislature declares that the public
13 interest requires that such conduct be prohibited and made subject to
14 civil penalties.
15 2. (a) During any abnormal disruption of the market for goods and
16 services vital and necessary for the health, safety and welfare of
17 consumers or the general public, no party within the chain of distrib-
18 ution of such goods or services or both shall sell or offer to sell any
19 such goods or services or both for an amount which represents an uncon-
20 scionably excessive price.
21 (b) For purposes of this section, the phrase "abnormal disruption of
22 the market" shall mean any change in the market, whether actual or immi-
23 nently threatened, resulting from stress of weather, convulsion of
24 nature, failure or shortage of electric power or other source of energy,
25 strike, civil disorder, war, military action, national or local emergen-
26 cy, drug shortage, or other cause of an abnormal disruption of the
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD05429-01-5
S. 7345 2
1 market [which], where such abnormal disruption results in the declara-
2 tion of a state of emergency by the governor.
3 (c) For purposes of this section, the term "drug shortage" shall mean,
4 with respect to any drug or medical product intended for human use, that
5 such drug or medical product is publicly reported as being subject to a
6 shortage by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
7 (d) For the purposes of this section, the term "goods and services"
8 shall include (i) consumer goods and services used, bought or rendered
9 primarily for personal, family or household purposes, (ii) essential
10 medical supplies and services used for the care, cure, mitigation,
11 treatment or prevention of any illness or disease, and (iii) any other
12 essential goods and services used to promote the health or welfare of
13 the public.
14 (e) This prohibition shall apply to all parties within the chain of
15 distribution, including any manufacturer, supplier, wholesaler, distrib-
16 utor or retail seller of goods or services or both sold by one party to
17 another when the product sold was located in the state prior to the
18 sale. For the purposes of this subdivision, the term "goods and
19 services" shall also include any repairs made by any party within the
20 chain of distribution of goods on an emergency basis as a result of such
21 abnormal disruption of the market.
22 3. [Whether a price is unconscionably excessive is a question of law
23 for the court.
24 (a) The court's determination that a violation of this section has
25 occurred shall be based on any of the following factors: (i) that the
26 amount of the excess in price is unconscionably extreme; or (ii) that
27 there was an exercise of unfair leverage or unconscionable means; or
28 (iii) a combination of both factors in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of
29 this paragraph.
30 (b) In any proceeding commenced pursuant to subdivision four of this
31 section, prima facie proof that a violation of this section has occurred
32 shall include evidence that:
33 (i) the amount charged represents a gross disparity between the price
34 of the goods or services which were the subject of the transaction and
35 their value measured by the price at which such goods or services were
36 sold or offered for sale by the defendant in the usual course of busi-
37 ness immediately prior to the onset of the abnormal disruption of the
38 market; or
39 (ii) the amount charged grossly exceeded the price at which the same
40 or similar goods or services were readily obtainable in the trade area.
41 (c)] (a) A price is not an "unconscionably excessive price" if any one
42 of the following applies:
43 (i) it is ten percent or less above the seller's price for that prod-
44 uct immediately prior to the declaration of the state of emergency by
45 the governor;
46 (ii) it is ten percent or less above current prices for that product
47 in any area outside the geographic scope of the declaration of the state
48 of emergency or an adjoining state, tax-adjusted;
49 (iii) it is ten percent or less above the sum of the seller's: (A)
50 acquisition or replacement cost, whichever is higher; plus (B) the mark-
51 up customarily applied by the seller in the usual course of business
52 immediately prior to the declaration of the state of emergency by the
53 governor;
54 (iv) it is attributable to fluctuations in applicable regional or
55 national spot or commodity markets; or
S. 7345 3
1 (v) it is a contract price or price formula agreed to prior to the
2 declaration of the state of emergency by the governor.
3 (b) A defendant may rebut a prima facie case with evidence that [(1)]
4 (i) the increase in the amount charged preserves the margin of profit
5 that the defendant received for the same goods or services prior to the
6 abnormal disruption of the market or [(2)] (ii) additional costs not
7 within the control of the defendant were imposed on the defendant for
8 the goods or services.
9 4. Where a violation of this section is alleged to have occurred, the
10 attorney general may apply in the name of the People of the State of New
11 York to the supreme court of the State of New York within the judicial
12 district in which such violations are alleged to have occurred, on
13 notice of five days, for an order enjoining or restraining commission or
14 continuance of the alleged unlawful acts. In any such proceeding, the
15 court shall impose a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed twenty-
16 five thousand dollars per violation or three times the gross receipts
17 for the relevant goods or services, whichever is greater and, where
18 appropriate, order restitution to aggrieved parties.
19 5. The attorney general may promulgate such rules and regulations as
20 are necessary to effectuate and enforce the provisions of this section.
21 § 2. This act shall take effect immediately.
