STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
859
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE(Prefiled)
January 8, 2025
___________
Introduced by Sens. HOYLMAN-SIGAL, ADDABBO, BAILEY, COMRIE, FELDER,
GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, HINCHEY, JACKSON, KAVANAGH, KRUEGER, LIU, MAY,
MAYER, MYRIE, PARKER, PERSAUD, RAMOS, RIVERA, SALAZAR, SANDERS,
SEPULVEDA, SERRANO, STAVISKY -- read twice and ordered printed, and
when printed to be committed to the Committee on Consumer Protection
AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to limiting robo-
calls to state residents and to require telephone service providers to
offer free call mitigation technology to telephone customers
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "robocall
2 prevention act".
3 § 2. Section 399-p of the general business law, as amended by chapter
4 581 of the laws of 1992, subdivision 6 as amended by chapter 546 of the
5 laws of 2000, subdivision 6-a as added and subdivision 8 as amended by
6 chapter 176 of the laws of 1998, is amended to read as follows:
7 § 399-p. [Telemarketing; use] Use of automatic [dialing-announcing]
8 dialing devices and placement of robocalls and consumer telephone calls.
9 1. Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have
10 the following meanings:
11 (a) "automatic [dialing-announcing] dialing device" means [any auto-
12 matic equipment which incorporates a storage capability of telephone
13 numbers to be called and is used, working alone or in conjunction with
14 other equipment, to disseminate a prerecorded message to the telephone
15 number called without the use of an operator] equipment that makes a
16 series of calls to stored telephone numbers, including numbers stored on
17 a list, except for equipment that requires a human to dial or place each
18 individual call one call at a time, and requires such human to then
19 remain on each call;
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD02940-01-5
S. 859 2
1 (b) "person" means any natural person, firm, organization, partner-
2 ship, association or corporation, or other entity, whether for-profit or
3 not-for-profit;
4 (c) "consumer" means a natural person who is solicited to purchase,
5 lease or receive a good or service for personal, family or household
6 use;
7 (d) "consumer telephone call" means a call made to a telephone number
8 by a telephone solicitor, whether by device, live operator, or any
9 combination thereof, for the purpose of soliciting a sale of any consum-
10 er goods or services for personal, family or household purposes to the
11 consumer called, or for the purpose of soliciting an extension of credit
12 for consumer goods or services to the consumer called, or for the
13 purpose of obtaining information that will or may be used for the direct
14 solicitation of a sale of consumer goods or services to the consumer
15 called or an extension of credit for such purposes; provided, however,
16 that "consumer telephone call" shall not include a call made by a tele-
17 phone corporation, as defined by subdivision seventeen of section two of
18 the public service law, in response to a specific inquiry initiated by a
19 consumer regarding that consumer's existing or requested telephone
20 service; [and]
21 (e) "telephone solicitor" means a person who makes or causes to be
22 made a consumer telephone call;
23 (f) "robocall" means a call made, including a text message sent, to
24 any telephone number owned by a person or entity in the state:
25 (1) using an automatic dialing device; or
26 (2) using an artificial or prerecorded voice;
27 (g) "call mitigation technology" means technology that identifies an
28 incoming call or text message as being, or as probably being, an
29 unwanted robocall, and, on that basis, blocks the call or message,
30 diverts it to the called person's answering system, or otherwise
31 prevents it from being completed to the called person, except that it
32 permits a call or text so identified to be completed when it is identi-
33 fied as being made by a law enforcement or public safety entity;
34 (h) "prior express consent" for a call means that the purpose of the
35 call must be closely related to the purpose for which the telephone
36 number was originally provided by the called party. A call by a non-pro-
37 fit organization which is federally tax exempt pursuant to 26 U.S.C.
38 501(c), to a member who had joined such organization or to the household
39 of such a member, is presumed to be closely related. A customer's prior
40 express consent can be revoked by the customer at any time in any
41 reasonable manner, regardless of the context in which the owner or user
42 of the telephone provided consent;
43 (i) "telephone service provider" means any company that provides voice
44 service utilizing any technology, regardless of whether such provider is
45 regulated pursuant to the public service law;
46 (j) "labor organization" means any organization of any kind which
47 exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of representing employees
48 employed within the state of New York in dealing with employers or
49 employer organizations or with a state government, or any political or
50 civil subdivision or other agency thereof, concerning terms and condi-
51 tions of employment, grievances, labor disputes, or other matters inci-
52 dental to the employment relationship. For the purposes of this section,
53 each local, parent national or parent international organization of a
54 statewide labor organization, and each statewide federation receiving
55 dues from subsidiary labor organizations, shall be considered a separate
56 labor organization; and
S. 859 3
1 (k) "department" means the department of state.
2 2. No person shall [operate an automatic dialing-announcing device]
3 make any robocall, nor place any consumer telephone call, except in
4 accordance with the provisions of this section. The [use of such device]
5 making of a robocall by any person, either individually or acting as an
6 officer, agent, or employee of a person [operating automatic dialing-an-
7 nouncing devices] making a robocall, is subject to the provisions of
8 this section.
9 2-a. (a) A person shall be permitted to make a robocall only when such
10 robocall is:
11 (1) made for emergency purposes, pursuant to subdivision seven of this
12 section;
13 (2) made with the prior express consent of the called party;
14 (3) made by a labor organization to such organization's members or to
15 the household of such members; or
16 (4) authorized by regulations promulgated by the department pursuant
17 to paragraph (b) of this subdivision.
18 (b) The department, in consultation with the department of public
19 service, shall promulgate regulations to implement the provisions of
20 this subdivision, and may permit, subject to such conditions as the
21 department may prescribe, robocalls to be made to a residential tele-
22 phone line without prior express consent if such calls are not made for
23 a commercial purpose.
24 3. [Whenever telephone calls are placed through the use of an automat-
25 ic dialing-announcing device, such device shall do all of the following]
26 In addition to the provisions of subdivision two-a of this section:
27 (a) If a robocall or consumer telephone call permitted by this section
28 uses a prerecorded voice, such call shall state at the beginning of the
29 call the nature of the call and the name of the person or on whose
30 behalf the message is being transmitted and at the end of such message
31 the address, and telephone number of the person on whose behalf the
32 message is transmitted, provided such disclosures are not otherwise
33 prohibited or restricted by any federal, state or local law; and
34 (b) If a robocall permitted by this section is made using an automatic
35 dialing device, such device shall disconnect [the automatic dialing-an-
36 nouncing device] from the telephone line upon the termination of the
37 call by either the person calling or the person called.
38 4. No person shall operate an automatic [dialing-announcing] dialing
39 device which uses a random or sequential number generator to produce a
40 number to be called.
41 4-a. (a) No person making a robocall shall knowingly cause any caller
42 identification service to transmit misleading, inaccurate, or false
43 caller identification information with the intent to defraud, cause
44 harm, or wrongfully obtain anything of value.
45 (b) This subdivision does not prohibit:
46 (1) Any authorized activity of a law enforcement agency; or
47 (2) Any activity pursuant to a court order that specifically author-
48 izes the use of caller identification manipulation.
49 4-b. (a) A telephone service provider that provides telephone service
50 to customers residing in the state shall make call mitigation technology
51 available to any such customer, upon request, and at no additional
52 charge. Such provider shall also offer to any such customer the ability
53 to have the provider prevent calls and text messages identified as orig-
54 inating from a particular person from being completed to the called
55 person, upon request, and at no additional charge.
S. 859 4
1 (b) The department, in consultation with the department of public
2 service, shall promulgate regulations to implement the requirements of
3 this subdivision, including, if appropriate, a reasonable delay in
4 requiring implementation and offering of call mitigation technology if
5 for good cause, taking into account the consumer protection purposes of
6 this section, and including procedures for addressing incidents in which
7 a call wanted by the customer is prevented from reaching the customer.
8 The department may also promulgate regulations allowing for the require-
9 ments of this subdivision to be waived for existing network facilities
10 in instances where the telephone service provider can reasonably demon-
11 strate that call mitigation technology cannot feasibly be implemented on
12 such facilities due to technological limitations, until such time as it
13 can be feasibly implemented.
14 5. No [automatic dialing-announcing device shall be used to call and
15 no] robocall or consumer telephone call shall be placed to an emergency
16 telephone line including but not limited to any 911 or E-911 line, or
17 any emergency line of any volunteer fire company or fire department; any
18 emergency medical service, ambulance service, voluntary ambulance
19 service or hospital ambulance service as defined in section three thou-
20 sand one of the public health law; any hospital, nursing home, or resi-
21 dential health care facility as defined in section twenty-eight hundred
22 one of the public health law; any adult care facility as defined in
23 section two of the social services law; or any law enforcement agency or
24 to the telephone line of any guest room or patient room of any hospital,
25 nursing home, or residential health care facility as defined in section
26 two thousand eight hundred one of the public health law, or any adult
27 care facility as defined by section two of the social services law. It
28 shall not constitute a violation of this subdivision if the person who
29 places such a call can affirmatively establish that the call was placed
30 inadvertently despite good faith efforts on the part of such person to
31 comply with the provisions of this section and such person has imple-
32 mented a procedure to prevent subsequent calls from being placed to a
33 particular prohibited telephone number.
34 6. A telephone solicitor shall not make a consumer telephone call to a
35 consumer unless the telephone solicitor conforms with subparagraph one
36 of paragraph b of subdivision six of section three hundred ninety-nine-
37 pp of this article. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit,
38 annul, alter, or affect the provisions of subdivision three of this
39 section.
40 6-a. No telephone solicitor or person who places any consumer tele-
41 phone call or [who operates an automatic dialing-announcing device]
42 robocall and no employer of any such telephone solicitor or person shall
43 intentionally cause to be installed, or shall intentionally utilize, any
44 blocking device or service to prevent the name and/or telephone number
45 of such solicitor or person, or the name and/or telephone number of [his
46 or her] such person's employer, from being displayed on a caller iden-
47 tification device of the recipient of any such consumer telephone call.
48 A violation of this subdivision shall be subject to the provisions of
49 subdivision eight of this section.
50 7. (a) Federal, state or local municipalities, or any subdivision
51 thereof, [using an automatic dialing-announcing device] making a robo-
52 call for emergency purposes shall be exempted from the provisions of
53 this section.
54 (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subdivi-
55 sion, any entity [which operates] making a robocall for emergency
56 purposes through the operation of a telephone warning or alert system
S. 859 5
1 [which utilizes any such device for emergency purposes] shall also be
2 exempted from the provisions of this section.
3 8. Whenever there shall be a violation of subdivision two, three,
4 four, four-a, five, six, or six-a of this section, an application may be
5 made by the attorney general in the name of the people of the state of
6 New York to a court or justice having jurisdiction to issue an injunc-
7 tion, and upon notice to the defendant of not less than five days, to
8 enjoin and restrain the continuance of such violations; and if it shall
9 appear to the satisfaction of the court or justice, that the defendant
10 has, in fact, violated subdivision two, three, four, four-a, five, six,
11 or six-a of this section an injunction may be issued by such court or
12 justice enjoining and restraining any further violation, without requir-
13 ing proof that any person has, in fact, been injured or damaged thereby.
14 In any such proceeding, the court may make allowances to the attorney
15 general as provided in paragraph six of subdivision (a) of section
16 eighty-three hundred three of the civil practice law and rules, and
17 direct restitution. Whenever the court shall determine that a violation
18 of subdivision two, three, four, or five of this section has occurred,
19 the court may impose a civil penalty of not more than two thousand
20 dollars per call, up to a total of not more than twenty thousand
21 dollars, for calls placed in violation of such subdivisions within a
22 continuous seventy-two hour period. Whenever the court shall determine
23 that a violation of subdivision four-a of this section has occurred, the
24 court may impose a civil penalty of not less than five thousand dollars
25 nor more than ten thousand dollars for each violation. Whenever the
26 court shall determine that a violation of subdivision six of this
27 section, or a violation of subdivision six-a of this section, has
28 occurred, the court may impose a civil penalty of not more than two
29 thousand dollars. In connection with any such proposed application, the
30 attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of
31 the relevant facts and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the civil
32 practice law and rules.
33 9. In addition to the right of action granted to the attorney general
34 pursuant to this section, any person who has received a telephone call
35 in violation of subdivision two, three, four, four-a or five of this
36 section may bring:
37 (a) an action in [his] such person's own name to enjoin such unlawful
38 act or practice[,];
39 (b) an action to recover [his] such person's actual damages or [fifty]
40 five hundred dollars, whichever is greater[,]; or
41 (c) both such actions. The court may, in its discretion, increase the
42 award of damages to an amount not to exceed three times the [actual
43 damages up to one thousand dollars] amount available under paragraph (b)
44 of this subdivision, if the court finds the defendant willfully or know-
45 ingly violated such subdivisions. The court [may] shall award reasonable
46 attorney's fees to a prevailing plaintiff. Any damages recoverable
47 pursuant to this section may be recovered in any action which a court
48 may authorize to be brought as a class action pursuant to article nine
49 of the civil practice law and rules.
50 10. (a) The department, in consultation with the department of public
51 service, shall report on issues related to illegal robocalls made to
52 telephone numbers owned by a person or entity in this state, and on the
53 status of the implementation and offering of call mitigation technology
54 by telephone service providers that provide telephone service to custom-
55 ers residing in the state. Such report shall be delivered no later than
56 December first, two thousand twenty-six, and annually thereafter, to the
S. 859 6
1 governor, the temporary president of the senate, the speaker of the
2 assembly, the minority leader of the senate, and the minority leader of
3 the assembly.
4 (b) Such report shall include:
5 (1) A list of telephone service providers operating in this state, and
6 the status of their implementation and offering of call mitigation tech-
7 nology;
8 (2) Information regarding delays in the implementation and offering of
9 call mitigation technology, and the reasons for such delays;
10 (3) Recommendations for additional measures to protect customers from
11 illegal robocalls;
12 (4) The number of illegal robocalls made to telephone numbers owned by
13 a person or entity in this state, to the extent that such information is
14 known; and
15 (5) Any other information or recommendations relating to the issue of
16 robocalls that the department judges to be pertinent or necessary.
17 § 3. Paragraph b of subdivision 11 of section 399-pp of the general
18 business law, as added by chapter 546 of the laws of 2000, is amended to
19 read as follows:
20 b. In every case where the court shall determine that a violation of
21 this section has occurred, it may impose a civil penalty of not less
22 than one thousand dollars nor more than two thousand dollars for each
23 violation, provided that for a violation of subdivision seven-a of this
24 section, the court may impose a civil penalty of not less than five
25 thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars for each violation.
26 Such penalty shall be in addition to the denial of registration or
27 renewal, suspension of registration or revocation of registration or
28 assessment of a fine authorized by subdivision five of this section.
29 § 4. If any provision of this act, or any application of any provision
30 of this act, is held to be invalid, that shall not affect the validity
31 or effectiveness of any other provision of this act, or of any other
32 application of any provision of this act, which can be given effect
33 without that provision or application; and to that end, the provisions
34 and applications of this act are severable.
35 § 5. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
36 have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment
37 and/or repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation
38 of this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and
39 completed on or before such effective date.
