STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
8108
IN SENATE
January 25, 2022
___________
Introduced by Sen. CLEARE -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Labor
AN ACT to amend the labor law, in relation to the schedules that work
act
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. The labor law is amended by adding a new article 5-A to
2 read as follows:
3 ARTICLE 5-A
4 SCHEDULES THAT WORK ACT
5 Section 180. Short title.
6 181. Definitions.
7 182. Right to request and receive a flexible, predictable or
8 stable work schedule.
9 183. Requirements for reporting time pay, split shift pay, and
10 advance notice of work schedules for retail, food service
11 or cleaning employees.
12 184. Prohibited acts.
13 185. Civil action.
14 186. Other legal requirements.
15 187. Savings clause.
16 § 180. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as
17 the "schedules that work act".
18 § 181. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms shall
19 have the following meanings:
20 1. "Bona fide business reason" means:
21 (a) the identifiable burden of additional costs to an employer,
22 including the cost of productivity loss, retraining or hiring employees,
23 or transferring employees from one facility to another facility;
24 (b) a significant detrimental effect on the employer's ability to meet
25 organizational needs or customer demand;
26 (c) a significant inability of the employer, despite best efforts, to
27 reorganize work among existing (as of the date of the reorganization)
28 staff;
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[] is old law to be omitted.
LBD05043-01-1
S. 8108 2
1 (d) a significant detrimental effect on business performance;
2 (e) insufficiency of work during the periods an employee proposes to
3 work;
4 (f) the need to balance competing scheduling requests when it is not
5 possible to grant all such requests without a significant detrimental
6 effect on the employer's ability to meet organizational needs; or
7 (g) such other reason as may be specified by the commissioner.
8 2. "Career-related educational or training program" means an educa-
9 tional or training program or program of study offered by a public,
10 private, or nonprofit career and technical education school, institution
11 of higher education, or other entity that provides academic education,
12 career and technical education, or training (including remedial educa-
13 tion or English as a second language, as appropriate), that is a program
14 that leads to a recognized postsecondary credential and provides career
15 awareness information.
16 3. "Caregiver" means an individual with the status of being a signif-
17 icant provider of:
18 (a) ongoing care or education, including responsibility for securing
19 the ongoing care or education, of a child; or
20 (b) ongoing care, including responsibility for securing the ongoing
21 care, of:
22 (i) a person with a serious health condition who is in a family
23 relationship with the individual; or
24 (ii) a parent of the individual, who is age sixty-five or older.
25 4. "Child" means a biological, adopted, or foster child, a stepchild,
26 a legal ward, or a child of a person standing in loco parentis to that
27 child, who is:
28 (a) under age eighteen; or
29 (b) age eighteen or older and incapable of self-care because of a
30 mental or physical disability.
31 5. "Domestic partner" means the individual recognized as being in a
32 relationship with an employee under any domestic partnership or civil
33 union entered into pursuant to the laws of the United States or of any
34 state, local or foreign jurisdiction, or registered as the domestic
35 partner of the employee with any registry maintained by the employer of
36 either party or any state, municipality, or foreign jurisdiction.
37 6. "Employee" means any person employed for hire by an employer in any
38 employment.
39 7. "Employer" means a state agency, officer, or department, a unit of
40 local government, a school district, an individual, a corporation, a
41 partnership, an association, or a nonprofit organization employing fifty
42 or more employees in the state of New York.
43 8. "Family relationship" means a relationship with:
44 (a) a child, spouse, domestic partner, parent, grandchild, grandpar-
45 ent, sibling, or parent of a spouse or domestic partner; or
46 (b) any individual related to the employee involved by blood or affin-
47 ity, whose close association with the employee is the equivalent of a
48 family relationship described in paragraph (a) of this subdivision.
49 9. "Minimum number of expected work hours" means the minimum number of
50 hours an employee will be assigned to work on a weekly or monthly basis.
51 10. "Nonexempt employee" means an employee who is not employed in a
52 bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, as
53 defined for purposes of section 213(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards
54 Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 213(a)(1)).
55 11. "Part-time employee" means an individual who works fewer than
56 thirty hours per week on average during any one-month period.
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1 12. "Retail, food service, or cleaning employee" means an individual
2 nonexempt employee who is employed in any of the following occupations,
3 as described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational
4 Classification System (as in effect on the day before the effective date
5 of this article):
6 (a) retail sales occupations consisting of occupations described in
7 41-1010 and 41-2000, and all subdivisions thereof, of such System, which
8 includes first-line supervisors of sales workers, cashiers, gaming
9 change persons and booth cashiers, counter and rental clerks, parts
10 salespersons, and retail salespersons.
11 (b) food preparation and serving related occupations as described in
12 35-0000, and all subdivisions thereof, of such System, which includes
13 supervisors of food preparation and serving workers, cooks and food
14 preparation workers, food and beverage serving workers, and other food
15 preparation and serving related workers.
16 (c) building cleaning occupations as described in 37-2011, 37-2012 and
17 37-2019 of such System, which includes janitors and cleaners, maids and
18 housekeeping cleaners, and building cleaning workers.
19 13. "Serious health condition" means an illness, injury, impairment,
20 or physical or mental condition that involves:
21 (a) inpatient care in a hospital, hospice, or residential medical care
22 facility; or
23 (b) continuing treatment by a health care provider.
24 14. "Split shift" means a schedule of daily hours in which the hours
25 worked are not consecutive, except that:
26 (a) a schedule in which the total time out for meals does not exceed
27 one hour shall not be treated as a split shift; and
28 (b) a schedule in which the break in the employee's work shift is
29 requested by the employee shall not be treated as a split shift.
30 15. "Work schedule" means those days and times within a work period
31 when an employee is required by an employer to perform the duties of the
32 employee's employment for which the employee will receive compensation.
33 16. "Work schedule change" means any modification to an employee's
34 work schedule, such as an addition or reduction of hours, cancellation
35 of a shift, or a change in the date or time of a work shift, by an
36 employer.
37 17. "Work shift" means the specific hours of the workday during which
38 an employee works.
39 § 182. Right to request and receive a flexible, predictable or stable
40 work schedule. 1. An employee may apply to the employee's employer to
41 request a change in the terms and conditions of employment as they
42 relate to:
43 (a) the number of hours the employee is required to work or be on call
44 for work;
45 (b) the times when the employee is required to work or be on call for
46 work;
47 (c) the location where the employee is required to work;
48 (d) the amount of notification the employee receives of work schedule
49 assignments; and
50 (e) minimizing fluctuations in the number of hours the employee is
51 scheduled to work on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
52 2. (a) If an employee applies to the employee's employer to request a
53 change in the terms and conditions of employment as set forth in subdi-
54 vision one of this section, the employer shall engage in a timely, good
55 faith interactive process with the employee that includes a discussion
56 of potential schedule changes that would meet the employee's needs.
S. 8108 4
1 (b) Such process shall result in:
2 (i) either granting or denying the request;
3 (ii) in the event of a denial, considering alternatives to the
4 proposed change that might meet the employee's needs and granting or
5 denying a request for an alternative change in the terms and conditions
6 of employment as set forth in subdivision one of this section; and
7 (iii) in the event of a denial, stating the reason for denial, includ-
8 ing whether any such reason is a bona fide business reason.
9 (c) If information provided by the employee making a request under
10 this section requires clarification, the employer shall explain what
11 further information is needed and give the employee reasonable time to
12 produce the information.
13 3. If an employee makes a request for a change in the terms and condi-
14 tions of employment as set forth in subdivision one of this section
15 because of a serious health condition of the employee, due to the
16 employee's responsibilities as a caregiver, or due to the employee's
17 enrollment in a career-related educational or training program, or if a
18 part-time employee makes a request for such a change for a reason
19 related to a second job, the employer shall grant the request, unless
20 the employer has a bona fide business reason for denying the request.
21 4. If an employee makes a request for a change in the terms and condi-
22 tions of employment as set forth in subdivision one of this section, for
23 a reason other than those reasons set forth in subdivision three of this
24 section, the employer may deny the request for any reason that is not
25 unlawful. If the employer denies such a request, the employer shall
26 provide the employee with the reason for the denial, including whether
27 such reason is a bona fide business reason.
28 5. An employee may voluntarily agree with employee's employer to be
29 contacted by employer when employee is needed to work but not on the
30 employer's work schedule.
31 § 183. Requirements for reporting time pay, split shift pay, and
32 advance notice of work schedules for retail, food service or cleaning
33 employees. 1. An employer shall pay a retail, food service, or cleaning
34 employee:
35 (a) for at least four hours at the regular rate of pay of the employee
36 involved for each day on which the retail, food service, or cleaning
37 employee reports for work, as required by the employer, but is given
38 less than four hours of work, except that if the employee's scheduled
39 hours for a day are less than four hours, such employee shall be paid
40 for the scheduled hours of the employee involved for that day if given
41 less than the scheduled hours of work; and
42 (b) for at least one hour at the regular rate of pay of the employee
43 involved for each day the retail, food service, or cleaning employee is
44 given specific instructions to contact the employer of the employee
45 involved, or wait to be contacted by the employer, less than twenty-four
46 hours in advance of the start of a potential work shift to determine
47 whether the employee must report to work for such shift.
48 2. An employer shall pay a retail, food service, or cleaning employee
49 for one additional hour at the employee's regular rate of pay for each
50 day during which the employee works a split shift.
51 3. (a) On or before a new retail, food service, or cleaning employee's
52 first day of work, the employer shall inform the employee in writing of
53 the work schedule of the employee involved and the minimum number of
54 expected work hours the employee will be assigned to work per month.
55 (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subdivision, if a
56 retail, food service, or cleaning employee's work schedule changes from
S. 8108 5
1 the work schedule of which the employee was informed pursuant to para-
2 graph (a) of this subdivision, the employer shall provide the employee
3 with the new work schedule of the employee involved not less than four-
4 teen days before the first day of the new work schedule. If the expected
5 minimum number of work hours that a retail, food service or cleaning
6 employee will be assigned changes from the number of which the employee
7 involved was informed pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdivision, the
8 employer shall also provide notification of that change, not less than
9 fourteen days in advance of the first day this change will go into
10 effect. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit an
11 employer from providing greater advance notice of a retail, food service
12 or cleaning employee's work schedule than is required under this subdi-
13 vision.
14 (c) An employer may make work schedule changes as needed, including by
15 offering additional hours of work to retail, food service or cleaning
16 employees beyond those previously scheduled, but an employer shall be
17 required to provide one extra hour of pay at the employee's regular rate
18 for each shift that is changed with less than twenty-four hours' notice,
19 except in the case of the need to schedule the employee due to the
20 unforeseen unavailability of a retail, food service or cleaning employee
21 previously scheduled to work that shift.
22 (d) The notifications required under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
23 subdivision shall be made to the employee involved in writing. Nothing
24 in this paragraph shall be construed as prohibiting an employer from
25 using any additional means of notifying a retail, food service or clean-
26 ing employee of the work schedule of the employee involved.
27 (e) Every employer employing any retail, food service or cleaning
28 employee shall post the schedule and keep it posted in a conspicuous
29 place in every establishment where such employee is employed so as to
30 permit the employee involved to observe readily a copy thereof. Avail-
31 ability of that schedule by electronic means accessible by all retail,
32 food service or cleaning employees of that employer shall be considered
33 compliance with this paragraph.
34 (f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent an employer
35 from allowing a retail, food service or cleaning employee to work in
36 place of another employee who has been scheduled to work a particular
37 shift as long as the change in schedule is mutually agreed upon by the
38 employees. An employer shall not be subject to the requirements of para-
39 graph (b) or (c) of this subdivision for such voluntary shift trades.
40 4. Any pay provided to an employee pursuant to subdivisions one or two
41 or paragraph (c) of subdivision three of this section shall be included
42 in the employee's regular paycheck. The employer shall identify, in the
43 corresponding written wage statement or pay stub, the total number of
44 hours of additional pay provided for the pay period involved and whether
45 the additional pay was due to the requirements of paragraph (a) of
46 subdivision one of this section, the requirements of paragraph (b) of
47 subdivision one of this section, the requirements of subdivision two of
48 this section, or the requirements of paragraph (c) of subdivision three
49 of this section.
50 5. The requirements in subdivisions one through three of this section
51 shall not apply during periods when regular operations of the employer
52 are suspended due to events beyond the employer's control.
53 § 184. Prohibited acts. 1. It shall be unlawful for any employer to
54 interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise or the attempt to exer-
55 cise, any right of an employee as set forth in section one hundred
56 eighty-two of this article or of a retail, food service or cleaning
S. 8108 6
1 employee as set forth in section one hundred eighty-three of this arti-
2 cle.
3 2. It shall be unlawful for any employer to discharge, threaten to
4 discharge, demote, suspend, reduce work hours of, or take any other
5 adverse employment action against any employee in retaliation for exer-
6 cising the rights of an employee under this article or opposing any
7 practice made unlawful by this article. For the purposes of section one
8 hundred eighty-two of this article, such retaliation shall include
9 taking an adverse employment action against any employee on the basis of
10 that employee's eligibility or perceived eligibility to request or
11 receive a change in the terms and conditions of employment, as described
12 in such section, on the basis of a reason set forth in subdivision three
13 of such section.
14 3. It shall be unlawful for any person to discharge or in any other
15 manner discriminate against any individual because such individual:
16 (a) has filed any charge, or has instituted or caused to be instituted
17 any proceeding, under or related to this article;
18 (b) has given or is about to give, any information in connection with
19 any inquiry or proceeding relating to any right provided under this
20 article; or
21 (c) has testified, or is about to testify, in any inquiry or proceed-
22 ing relating to any right provided under this article.
23 § 185. Civil action. 1. Any person denied benefits due under this
24 article or aggrieved by an action made unlawful by this article shall
25 have a cause of action in any court of appropriate jurisdiction for
26 damages, including any wages, salary, employment benefits or other
27 compensation denied or lost to such individual by reasons of the
28 violation and/or any actual monetary losses sustained by the individual
29 as a direct result of the violation, as well as interest on such amount
30 calculated at the prevailing rate, and such equitable relief as may be
31 appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and promotion, togeth-
32 er with costs and such reasonable attorneys' fees as may be allowed by
33 the court.
34 2. On behalf of any employee denied benefits due under this article or
35 aggrieved by an action made unlawful by this article, the commissioner
36 may bring a legal action necessary to collect damages due to the
37 violation, and the employer shall be required to pay such damages.
38 3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action to recover
39 upon liability imposed by this article must be commenced within two
40 years.
41 § 186. Other legal requirements. 1. This article provides minimum
42 requirements and shall not be construed to preempt, limit, or otherwise
43 affect the applicability of any other law, regulation, requirement,
44 policy, or standard that provides for greater rights for employees than
45 are required in this article.
46 2. Nothing in this article shall be construed as creating or imposing
47 any requirement in conflict with any federal or state law, rule or regu-
48 lation, nor shall anything in this article be construed to diminish or
49 impair the rights of an employee or employer under any valid collective
50 bargaining agreement.
51 § 187. Savings clause. If any provision of this article or the appli-
52 cation thereof to any person, employer, occupation or circumstance is
53 held invalid, the remainder of the article and the application of such
54 provision to other persons, employees, occupations, or circumstances
55 shall not be affected thereby.
S. 8108 7
1 § 2. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after
2 it shall have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amend-
3 ment and/or repeal of any rules or regulations necessary for the imple-
4 mentation of this act on its effective date are authorized to be made on
5 or before such date.
